known as “bad” cholesterol, and high-density lipoproteins (HDL), or “good” cholesterol. Having elevated triglycerides and LDL is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, while a high HDL level is protective. Having a higher proportion of HDL relative to total cholesterol...
The risk of ESRD declines if the patient’s adherence to antihypertensive medication is higher than 80% (hazard ratio (HR) 0.67, IC 95% 0.54–0.83) [8]. Although up to 40% of DKD patients encounter medication implementation issues during their care itinerary [9], medication nonadherence is ...
consumption [34]. Dehydration stresses the cell membrane leading to cell death. When water is removed, there is an increase in the ratio between cell surface area and cell volume leading to membrane deformation [29]. During lyophilization, extracellular ice crystals form resulting in an increase i...
142 The majority of these SCFAs are rapidly and almost completely absorbed by colon cells.143 Acetate enters the liver through the portal vein and is released into the peripheral tissues for cholesterol metabolism and fatty acid synthesis.144 Propionate is involved in gluconeogenesis regulation, ...
Having elevated triglycerides and LDL is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, while a high HDL level is protective. Having a higher proportion of HDL relative to total cholesterol, known as the total cholesterol/HDL ratio, is better. Some HIV meds can alter triglyceride and cholesterol ...
and nephrolithiasis (three cases), and early lens opacity (two cases). Highly correlated serum calcium and urinary calcium-to-creatinine ratio levels were observed in three patients, measured simultaneously across 49 patient-years. Utilizing age-specific maximal-normal calcium-to-creatinine ratio ...
general and singleton variants in particular. Fortunately, the advent of next-generation sequencing and the marked fall in its cost over the last ten years have enabled the application of this technique to study rare variants in multifactorial diseases, for which large numbers of samples are ...
They are important exchange platforms of lipids, small molecules, and second messengers between the ER and other organelles. This includes cholesterol transfer from endosomes/lysosomes to the ER via NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 (NPC1) [9], calcium exchange via the voltage-dependent ...
Autoimmune disorders are characterized by aberrant T cell and B cell reactivity to the body’s own components, resulting in tissue destruction and organ dysfunction. Autoimmune diseases affect a wide range of people in many parts of the world and have become one of the major concerns in public ...
We caution that, for many of these studies, numbers of males/non-Europeans are very small. Full size image EDs in boys and men According to a recent large meta-analysis, the gender ratio for AN is estimated to be 7:1 [23], for bulimia nervosa (BN) ~3.2:1 [23], and for binge-...