By Jared Norman If you’ve used a computer for more than 20 minutes you’ve probably heard about bits and bytes. Hard drives, computer chips, networks, and cables (like Cat5e or HDMI cables) often mention bits or bytes in their specifications. And comput
A byte is a collection of bits, most commonly eight bits. Bits are grouped into bytes to make computer hardware, networking equipment, disks and memory more efficient. Originally, bytes were created as eight bits because the common physical circuitry at the time had eight “pathways” in ...
Understanding Bits, Bytes, and Numerical Bases I was recently tasked with creating a simple command line program that would take an input of a file of unknown contents and print a hex dump as the output. However, I didn't really know how I could access the data of the file to begin wi...
Consider a sequence of 4 bytes, named W X Y and Z - I avoided naming them A B C D because they are hex digits, which would be confusing. So, each byte has a value and is made up of 8 bits. Byte Name: W X Y Z Location: 0 1 2 3 Value (hex): 0x12 0x34 0x56 0x78 Fo...
Data (bits and bytes, or marks on paper) is meaningless; it must be interpreted to create an abstract concept, like a number. Like humans, computers have different ways to store the same abstract concept. (i.e., we have many ways to say "ten": ten, 10, diez, etc.) ...
In contrast, configuration BPDUs in STP use only the least and most significant bits in the Flags field, and the six bits in the middle are reserved. Figure 6-32 shows the middle six bits used by RST BPDUs. A TCN BPDU is 4 bytes long and uses only the first three fields in Figure...
Data and File size is dimensioned in bytes, for example, 12 megabytes (but JPG is compressed smaller, not lossless). 24-bit RGB photo data is always 3 bytes per pixel (when uncompressed for use). 24-bit PNG is lossless for photos, and TIF with LZW compression is lossless too, but nei...
A byte is the littlest unit of data storage, a collection of 8 bits, each speaking to a binary or 1. Whereas apparently small, bytes hold immense importance as they form the premise of all digital data. Bytes act as the language computers utilize to get, prepare, and store data. In ...
A normal IGMP packet consists of a 20-byte IP header and an 8-byte data part, equating to a total length of 28 bytes. An IGMP null payload packet, on the other hand, consists of less than 28 bytes. Processing IGMP null payload packets causes devices to encounter an error or even cras...
Throughput is generally measured in the amount of data sent over time e.g. bits or bytes per second. Sending more bits in a shorter amount of time equals higher throughput. So let’s talk about some of the factors that control how much data can be sent in a given time period. ...