Thus, tree decline and mortality appears at xeric limits often in absence of competitive pressure. On the contrary, a serious problem at the xeric limit of closed forests is the lack of competitive (native) species to take over the role of the species going extinct locally. Xeric limits are...
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Smoke and fog models have analogous equations to express the optical attenuation they induce, using the visibility concept. Taking into account the actual light-emitting diode (LED) lamp radiation pattern, the simulator computes the power at the receiver side and the channel attenuation coefficients ...
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However, winter wheat primarily took up soil water from the 0–70 cm layer in 2015. The average water uptake proportion in the top layer (0–20 cm) in 2015 (42.6%) was remarkably higher than that in 2014 (28.7%). There was a significantly negative relationship (p < 0.01) between the...
The dynamic axle load is firstly generated based on the quarter-car model, running through three successive slabs of which the surface roughness is determined by the power spectral density method, and the critical locations in slabs where the largest tensile stresses occur are identified. The ...
The precise evaluation of basic operating rules depends upon the system and component type, as well as the required safety level during each operation. Keywords: energy recovery systems; runaway conditions; unsteady flow; water hammer 1. Introduction The need to increase the efficiency in ...
It reveals that the large-scale synoptic circulations can strongly influence the regional cloud formation, and thereby have impact on the consistency of cloud retrievals from the radiosonde and ground-based cloud product. The total cloud cover at the SGP site is characterized by the least in AC ...
The breakage of coarse-grained soil particles may have a great effect on their mechanical characteristics. It is important to fully understand the phenomenon of particle breakage and comprehend its effect on engineering properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the process and mechanism ...
nHso.wever, none of these techniques are One osfpetchieficfialrlsytdreesqigunierdetmo eesntitms aftoerKmd. onitoring water quality with a citizen science-based approach is to have affordable instruments for the volunteer observers. In this sense, several examples based on the development of new...