Typically, the pressure is defined as a function of the volumetric strain response, and the shear modulus will be integrated along with the equation of state [19]. The cumulative damage of the material is used to characterize the failure of the material in the JC- constitutive model, as ...
In particular, the influences of altered concrete mix designs and steel fiber types should be investigated more in detail in the future. 6 Conclusion Investigations of the damage behavior of plain concrete, SFRC, UHPC and UHSFRC have been the subject of research for many years. This is of ...
This shows that the temperature effect dominates over the pressure effect at high shear rates. Relevant wall shear rates as function of pipe and wellbore diameters can be found from the expression for wall shear rate of a Newtonian fluid in a concentric annulus, i.e. \(12v/\left({D}_{o...
and a typical floor construction step to construct a shear wall of the core and the bearing walls of both sides of the typical floor using an auto-climbing form, and the Rahmen structure and the stairs inside the core using a PC column, a PC beam or a steel frame beam, a hollow core...
Wall conditions: The setting of top and side boundary conditions is crucial for maintaining a balanced boundary layer distribution, and it is generally believed that the boundary layer is subjected to constant shear stress. This is because the distance between the building’s top, left, and right...
This integration enables researchers to explore the interactions between macroscopic thermal conditions and microscopic crystal growth in greater detail. Wang et al. [32] formulated a solidification model incorporating dendritic growth and heterogeneous nucleation to explore the columnar to equiaxed transition...
On the other hand, in the separation shear boundary layer, the generation of turbulence is greater than the dissipation, and there is a strong nonequilibrium far away from the wall [28]. So, when simulating the separation region on the leeward slope of complex terrain, it is necessary to ...