The lift forces generate a turning moment which forces the board to be turned in direction to the shore favoring the controllability and stability of the surfboard. The higher the angle of attack, the higher is the drag coefficient. Lift-to-drag ratio values showed that for speeding up small...
Significance tests of differences in the two periods were based on the coefficient of the interaction terms25. Sensitivity analyses Sensitivity analyses were performed on the parameters included in the models to test the robustness of our results. We extended the temperature lag to 27 days. We ...
Properties related to self-accommodated (twinned) martensitic phase as well as the thermal coefficient of expansion are not required here since T = Af and due to isothermal assumption. The stress–strain behavior for the chosen SMA properties is shown in Fig. 4(a), obtained by solving ...
Meanwhile, the three polymers exhibited enhancement effects on the lift coefficient fluctuation, and inhibition effects on the drag coefficient; only XG flow significantly promoted the drag coefficient fluctuation. The dynamic model decomposition (DMD) analysis further indicated that the vortex intensity of...
The wind barrier alters the trends and values of the lift force coefficient, while the influence of the wind barrier on the pitch moment is particularly exhibited for positive wind incidence angles, which is characteristic for all bridge-deck sections. The wind barrier does not influence the ...
When the attack angle is in the range of −90° to 0°, the wind comes from the convex surface of the wing sail, while the wind comes from the concave surface in the 0°-to-90° range. The attack angle of 18° is where the maximum lift coefficient occurs; then, with the ...
The security of IoT poses a serious threat to users’ privacy protection. A large number of IoT devices record a large amount of user privacy data, which magnifies the security risk coefficient and privacy scope of users. The data not only record people’s travel route, location, voice, and...
When the attack angle is in the range of −90° to 0°, the wind comes from the convex surface of the wing sail, while the wind comes from the concave surface in the 0°-to-90° range. The attack angle of 18° is where the maximum lift coefficient occurs; then, with the ...
Erosion and contamination at the leading edge of the blade results in an increase in the resistance coefficient and a corresponding decrease in lift coefficient, which reduce the generation of electricity. Studies have shown that corrosion contamination on the leading edge of blades can reduce the ...