The opposite of the significance level, calculated as 1 minus the significance level, is the confidence level. It indicates the degree of confidence that the statistical result did not occur by chance or by sampling error. The customaryconfidencelevel in many statistical tests is 95%, leading to...
Qualitative research is primarily exploratory research, which means it relies on data obtained from first-hand observations, documents, recordings made in natural settings, artifacts, interviews, and focus groups. The data is non-statistical and unstructured or semi-structured. In terms of design, qua...
Table 3 Results of ablation tests for the proposed model in predicting 4-category molecular subtypes of breast cancer in the test cohort (n = 672). Full size table Fig. 3: The normalized confusion matrix for the prediction of 4-category molecular subtypes of breast cancer by different mo...
The code of all tools used for analyses in this paper are publicly available and can be found in the URLs provided in the Methods section. The pipeline we wrote to perform the MR-related statistical tests can be downloaded from: https://github.com/segrelabgenomics/TwoSampleMR_pipeline. Custo...
There are mainly two types of chi-square tests. Both tests use the chi-square statistic to evaluate the discrepancy between observed and expected frequencies. The calculated chi-square value is compared to a critical value from a chi-square distribution to determine statistical significance. If the...
a/b denote statistical differences for hypocotyl/root lengths between control and inhibitor-containing samples Full size image In the WT plants, GLR inhibitors affected the elongation of both organs, with hypocotyls more susceptible than roots. The strongest inhibitory effect on elongation was seen in...
The Agricultural Research Centre of Mabegondo (Xunta de Galicia, A Coruña, Spain) conserves one of the most important collections of phytogenetic resources of ecotypes and natural populations of grassland species from northwestern Spain, among them populations of ryegrass (Lolium spp.), one of ...
All statistical tests were two-sided and p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Pearson’s chi-squared tests were used to evaluate associations between PD-L1 expression and clinicopathological variables. Survival curves were generated according to the Kaplan-Meier method and the...
Cell type atlases of the mouse spinal cord have been published in recent years but have not been integrated together. Here, we generate an atlas of spinal cell types based on single-cell transcriptomic data, unifying the available datasets into a common reference framework. We report a ...
For GSEA, we adopted permutation tests (1,000 times) to generate a normalized enrichment score (NES) for each candidate pathway. A hierarchical clustering on the expression levels of the Reactome pentose phosphate pathway (15 genes total, of which two genes were removed due to high-frequency ...