The bull shark is a Florida type of shark member of the requiem shark family, Carcharhinidae, found in the warm temperate and coastal waters in tropical areas globally. Built primarily and heavily, the bull shark will venture considerable distances upriver since it can tolerate fresh water, unl...
Oxygen is a very important gas in the ocean because of its role in biological processes. Marine plants such as phytoplankton , seaweed, and other types of algae produce organic matter from carbon dioxide and nutrients through photosynthesis , the process that produces oxygen. The upper 10 to 50...
The dangerous Portuguese Man-o-War is an infamous example in this category. Cubozoa: box-like bells and a more developed nervous system with eyes that have many parts. Staurozoa: cling to rocks or seaweed rather than float like the other jellies. Their bodies are stick-like and can ...
On the island of what is now Kauai, the sediment of iron oxide-rich red volcanic clay, called alaea, seeped into the ocean from Kauai’s rivers. When this red ocean water became trapped in tidal pools, evaporation created alaea sea salt. The clay imparts a delicate, earthy, mineral ...
Seaweed, any of the red, green, or brown marine algae that grows along seashores. Seaweeds are generally anchored to the sea bottom or other solid structures by rootlike ‘holdfasts,’ which perform the sole function of attachment and do not extract nutr
were improved, humans ventured into sheltered coastal areas and river mouths and eventually farther out onto the continental shelves, the relatively shallow ocean plains between the land and the deeper ocean areas. In some shelf areas whereseaweedwasabundant, this was also incorporated into the diet...
Another important item in aquaculture is seaweed. Laver, or nori (Porphyra species), a red alga, is a traditional part of the Japanese diet and is one of the most commonly farmed species. The Japanese first cultivated this alga in the late 17th century in the brackish water of Tokyo Bay....
Each female deposits as many as 40,000 sticky eggs on seaweed or rocks; the eggs hatch in about two weeks. Herrings move shoreward to spawn, and after spawning, the schools of mature herrings disperse. The large herring fisheries are subject to great fluctuations in their annual catches ...
Ocean ranchingby governments is intended to restock lakes and oceans. The young fish are bred in the controlledenvironmentand when sufficiently mature are released into the open sea.Oysters(as a source of both food and pearls),scallops, andmusselsare raised throughout most of the world.Carp,trou...
College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Water2020,12(1), 95;https://doi.org/10.3390/w12010095 Abstract Integrated multi trophic aquaculture (IMTA) improves the production of aquatic animals by promotin...