This chapter provides an overview of the common types of defects found in various structural materials and joints in aircraft. Materials manufacturing methods (including large-scale production) have been established in the aircraft industry. However, as will be seen in this chapter, manufacturing defec...
[cycles per second] in Europe; 60 hertz in theUnited Statesand parts of Japan). It was necessary to use a lower frequency (162/3hertz is common in Europe; 25 hertz in the United States); this in turn required either special railroadpowerplants to generate alternating current at the ...