This chapter serves as an introduction to immunity types, immune responses, immunodeficiencies, and specific autoimmune disorders, paving the way for advancements in the realm of medical science.Zainab N. RahmanFaheem ShehjarReetika MahajanRole of Medicinal Plants in Autoimmune Diseases...
They are the types of white blood cells that plays an important role in innate immune responses and injuries. They are characterized by specific granules in their cytoplasm which contains enzymes that protects from pathogens and fight infections. There are three types of granulocytes:neutrophils,eosino...
Different types of lymphocytes involved in immune responses are: T-cells or T- lymphocytes: ''T'' stands for thymus, the organ in which these cells mature. T-cells are involved in cell mediated immunity. B-cells also called B-lymphocytes: Here, the ''B'' stands for bone marrow, and ...
In addition to airway epithelial cells, resident populations of innate immune cells, such as interstitial and alveolar macrophages have been identified as driving the initial responses to environmental exposures such as house dust mite (HDM)7,8. The receptor Dectin-2 specifically expressed on alveolar...
In addition, the synbiotic may augment antioxidant and innate immune responses, and displace lactic acid bacteria in the fish's intestine, which could be factors contributing to enhanced resistance against A. hydrophila.Fish's comprehension of focal adhesion (FA), a vital element in cell adhesion,...
Hypersensitivity reactions are destructive immune responses that occur when the immune system aggressively reacts to something benign that it perceives as foreign to the body. There are four kinds of hypersensitivities: hypersensitivity type I, hypersensitivity type II, hypersensitivity type III, and hyp...
The innate immune system with a lineup of genetically encoded pattern recognition receptors provides the fastest response to various types of threats and instructs the development of adaptive immune responses6. Inflammasomes, the cytosolic multiprotein platforms for activation of proinflammatory caspases7,...
Overall, these results show that RDEB nurtures irregular ratio of naïve to effector T cells in both CD4+ or CD8+ compartments likely biased towards an effector profile. Immune signature and activity of RDEB NK cells Given their important role in immune responses to viral infections and tumours...
responses. In innate immunity, cytokines such asTNF-αandIL-1respond rapidly to pathogen invasion, triggering inflammation and recruiting additional immune cells to the site of infection. In acquired immunity, cytokines likeIL-2andIFN-γpromote the activation, proliferation, and differentiation of T ...
12 Virus-specific CD8+ T cells are thought to play a key role in immune protection against HCV.13 This consensus is predicated on associative studies that have linked viral clearance with potent and broadly directed CD8+ T cell responses and the presence of certain HLA class I allotypes.14 ...