These included the theory of the Italian economist and sociologist Vilfredo Pareto on the “circulation of elites” and those of Oswald Spengler and Arnold Toynbee on the life cycle of civilizations. In the 1930s and ’40s, the Russian American Pitirim Sorokin developed a cyclic theory of ...
(modern Hotan, China) to China. By 200bceit was linked to the West, and by 100bceit was carrying active trade between the two civilizations. At its zenith in 200cethis road and its western connections over the Roman systemconstitutedthe longest road on Earth. In Asia the road passed ...
four main Abrahamic faiths (Christianity,Islam,Judaism, andHinduism). In cultural and historical contexts, the word is frequently used to characterize the polytheistic faiths practiced by ancient civilizations, especially in Europe, theMediterranean, and the Middle East, before the arrival of ...
In this article, learn about the 16 types of edible mushrooms that too with images. These delicious fungi can definitely enhance your cuisine. The charm of the earthy, woody-flavored item speaks for itself with a long history that has a trail leading to some of the earliest civilizations. If...
Most civilizations regard an “angel” as a messenger between people and a Higher Power; however, many indigenous societies hold a more polytheistic view of the universe. The spirits of animals or ancestors may still communicate with people, mainly via dreams or vision quests. Each person in var...
Archaeological Studies:Over time, the decomposition of organic materials buried in archaeological sites offers insights into ancient civilizations, dietary habits, and environmental conditions. Analysis of decomposed artifacts, bones, and plant remains informs historical and anthropological research. ...
Blacksmithing is one of the oldest crafts, dating back to ancient civilizations, and involves taking raw metal, heating it in a forge, and then hammering it into shape to create something functional or decorative. Examples of what you can make include intricate garden gates, fireplace tool sets...
Lapis Lazuli is a rock known for its bright royal blue color produced from Lazurite, of which it is a variety. Renaissance painters used Lapis to create an “ultramarine” blue pigment. Lapis Lazuli has a hardness of 5 to 6 on MHS and was valued by civilizations of Mesopotamia, Egypt, Ch...
Trading commodities goes back to the dawn of human civilization as loosely affiliated villages and clans would barter and trade with one another for food, supplies, and other items. The rise of empires across the ancient civilizations of Africa, the Americas, Asia, and Europe can be directly li...
Price controls aren't a new concept. According to historians, the production anddistributionof grain were regulated by Egyptian authorities in the third century B.C. Other civilizations implemented price controls, including the Babylonians, the ancient Greeks, and the Roman Empire. More recent instan...