As a long-established TE material, PbTe has been used for power generation at intermediate temperatures (500–900 K) for a long time12,13,14,15,16,17,18. However, due to the scarcity of Te in the Earth’s crust (only 0.001 ppm), the high material costs and insufficient sustaina...
Meanwhile, electromagnetic waves propagate without a material medium, and conduction occurs naturally in solid materials. Furthermore, the vacuum of space acts as an effective heat sink at near-zero temperatures. Together with the three primary radiation sources, the temperature of the structures can ...
Most optical pH sensors are based on fluorometric changes of pH-sensitive indicators added to a buffer system, mostly bicarbonate-based, separated from the analyte by a CO2 permeable membrane. Optical CO2 sensors suffer the drawbacks of slow response time, low stability at high temperatures, and ...
Δ47 is reported in the CDES (carbon-dioxide equivalent scale) [90], using an acid fractionation fractor of +0.066‰ to place data generated with 70°C acid digestion on the 25°C digestion scale, and temperatures were calculated using the calibration of Petersen et al. [91], to be ...
found that the sol-gel method produced an ionic-conductive tetragonal LLTO phase; however, during the sintering process at high-temperatures a loss of Li occurred and the formation of an orthogonal phase with a poorer Li-ion conductivity resulted [54]. In this work, the synthesis of the Li0....
In this work, the reaction mechanism is investigated by studying the cross-sensitivities to oxygen and humidity in the temperature range between 25 degrees C and 250 degrees C. At low temperatures between 25 degrees C and 100 degrees C, the reaction involves water whereas at temperatures above ...
If for instance after a prolonged period of operation the oil viscosity becomes less on account of higher temperatures, the throughput of oil will increase with the aperture remaining the same. Consequently the working speed will increase. The throughput of oil malso changes in dependence on the ...
Degree symbol is °. We can say that thedegree symbolis a kind of typographic symbol. This symbol is used to represent degrees in many different fields, such as angle or temperatures. It is obtained by drawing a small circle as a superscript. The Unicode of the icon isU + 00B0. With...
This is due to pinning energy overcoming elastic energy in the disordered phase. The Bord−dis field at which the vortex density presents a jump30 coincides with the onset field of the second-peak effect, BON. At high temperatures, the order–disorder transition continues as a first-order ...
Plus, OK, that kind of double-type conversions is cool about seconds, and also temperatures (Kelvin/Celsius) and anything like that, but practically, I think it's too much work for just some sugar syntax. hoursOfWork = 8 timeout = 180 # seconds That's not as cool, I agree. The ...