Regulatory phosphorylationAllosteryL-type pyruvate kinaseSwitch between allosteric and non-allosteric formsGlycolysis regulationAmong four pyruvate kinase isoenzymes, M1, M2, R and L, only M1 is considered as a nonallosteric enzyme. However, here we show that the non-phosphorylated L-type pyruvate ...
Ferroptosis is known to play a crucial role in diabetic osteopathy. However, key genes and molecular mechanisms remain largely unclear. This study aimed to identify a crucial ferroptosis-related differentially expressed gene (FR-DEG) in diabetic osteopat
PDH complex catalyzes oxidation of pyruvate and its conversion into acetyl-CoA prior to its utilization in TCA cycle; thus, connecting the anaerobic process of glycolysis and the oxidative phosphorylation. During activation of cuproptosis and proteotoxic stress, the increased amount of Cu + binds...
The Hras-like suppressor could participate in the differential phosphorylation of erk protein, controlled by Ras, and expression of Fgfrl1 (which lacks the cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase domain of Fgfr) could also decrease FGF signaling and downstream P-erk signaling. Hrasls is expressed at a high le...
The breakdown of the BBB, as well as the disruption of metabolic regulation is observed in both AD and T2D18,25,26. In cases of AD, metabolic pathways such as the oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis, and lipid metabolism are found to contribute to BBB dysregulation27,28. Additionally, signal...
SGLT-2 inhibitors exert a wide range of pleiotropic actions, some of which may prove as important future targets of therapy. SGLT-2 inhibitors reduce glycolysis, rebalance the coupling between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, and attenuate adverse cardiac remodeling and the progression of heart...
This suggests that the cMFBs may use glucose more completely (mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation), whereas the cMPCs use glucose more in glycolysis and release lactate rather than completely metabolizing pyruvate in the mitochondria. It could be useful for future work to investigate the underlying...
Based on its phosphorylation status, we found that the AMPK signaling pathway was activated and induced autophagy in T2DM rats and PA-treated L-O2 cells. Meanwhile, the transfection of AMPK siRNA or application of the AMPK inhibitor, Comp C, weakened the therapeutic effects of HucMDEs on ...
Especially, the phosphorylation modification of enzymes in the 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol-4-phosphate (MEP)/terpenoid and shikimate/phenylpropanoid pathways is important in metabolic regulation (41). Root Hair Root hairs are unique tubular cells. They are formed by the differentiation of root epidermal...
it was found that ERK phosphorylation was a regulator of microglial pro-inflammatory immune response in mouse models of AD28. Gene programs related to the toll-like receptor cascade included “toll-like receptor signaling pathway”. It has indeed been suggested that targeting the TLR4, which trigge...