The smallest representative unit of any covalent chemical compound is a single molecule, in which some number of atoms are connected through the sharing of valence electron pairs. A molecule is polar if it has a net dipole moment. ...
Lewis constructed his bond such that the electron pair existed anywhere between the two atoms, sharing it, and envisioned a scale of the degree of this shared bonding that stretches between a shared pair — which was later called “covalent” as in the C-H bond of CH4— and an atom-posse...
Molecular materials may also be hydrogen bonded, where a hydrogen bond involves a proton being shared between two Lewis bases, usually with oxygen, nitrogen or fluorine atomic centres, as discussed here.Molecular materials exhibit a vast array of properties, but they are generally mechanically weak,...
Grabowski, S.J. New type of halogen bond: Multivalent halogen interacting with pi- and sigma-electrons. Molecules 2017, 22, 2150. [CrossRef] [PubMed]Grabowski, S.J. New Type of Halogen Bond: Multivalent Halogen Interacting with π- and σ-Electrons. Molecules 2017, 22, 2150. [CrossRef]...
Deletion of the cbpD genes in strain JE0146, however, showed a minor (~8%) but statistically significant relief of inhibition relative to the parental strain indicating that, at least in part, xylose uptake involves an ATP-dependent transporter. Figure 4: Relief of inhibition by transporter ...
Natural transformation is the process by which bacteria take up genetic material from their environment and integrate it into their genome by homologous recombination. It represents one mode of horizontal gene transfer and contributes to the spread of tr
a) Its formation is due to an unequal sharing of electrons in a covalent bond. b) Hydrogen bonds are about 5% as strong as a typical covalent bond. c) Hydrogen bonds require that a bond alre What types of atoms typically form covalent bonds? Wh...
For example, water is formed when atoms of hydrogen react with atoms of oxygen. The reaction between two atoms always involves the exchange of electrons between the two atoms. One atom tends to lose one or more electrons, and the other atom tends to gain that (or those) electrons. ...
SeviL is a recently isolated lectin found to bind to the linear saccharides of the ganglioside GM1b (Neu5Acα(2-3)Galβ(1-3)GalNAcβ(1-4)Galβ(1-4)Glc) and its precursor, asialo-GM1 (Galβ(1-3)GalNAcβ(1-4)Galβ(1-4)Glc). The crystal structures of recombinant SeviL have bee...
that could not only increase the operational voltage (i.e. from 3 to 4 V) of rechargeable batteries but also permit the production of batteries under less controlled conditions (e.g. a clean room with a relative humidity of ~30%)9. In recent years, due to the drawbacks of individual...