Type 1 diabetes also called insulin-dependent diabetes orjuvenile diabetes, is a condition in which the beta cells of the pancreas produce little or no insulin. This results in high blood sugar levels which are not treated and can lead to other diseases like cardiovascular disease, kidney damage...
Insulin therapy was identified using the ATC code A10, regardless of insulin type. Codes for other antihyperglycemic agents can be found in the Supplementary materials, Table S1. Outcome measures The outcomes included the incidence of three cardiovascular outcomes: CHD (ICD-10 codes I20–I25), ...
The ICD-10 code E11 'non-insulin dependent diabetes' was used from 1997 onwards. T1D was not included among AIds because ICD-10 code 'insu- lin dependent diabetes' also includes T2D patients treated with insulin. Using code E11 for T2D would exclude T2D patients treated with insulin. ...
The register-based approach relies on ICD codes, lacking details on symptoms, extent, and severity of PAD events, potentially affecting accuracy of PAD diagnosis. Residual confounding is inherently plausible in observational studies, and study results may vary dependent on preferred choice of ...
Insulin dependent patients with diabetes were considered to have T1DM if they had a physician ascertained diagnosis of T1DM and presence of at least one positive autoimmune markers against islet cell, GAD-65, or IA-2 at diagnosis or at follow-up. Of the 216 patients with a diagnosis of T2DM...
To address potential time-dependent bias, we also measured the above variables in the year before the index date, except for primary exposures (i.e., GLP-1RAs and SGLT2is), to estimate the DRS using a logistic regression analysis [31] and adjusted the score in the analyses (i.e., ...
(defined as first observed diagnosis, laboratory value, or prescription indicating type 2 diabetes), insulin use, oral diabetes medication use, uncontrolled blood pressure (defined as either systolic ≥140 or diastolic ≥90 mm Hg at 2 consecutive measures on different days), use of angiotensin ...
The protective effects of physical activities include improved body composition, glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity [28, 29], and this may have contributed to the decline in the incidence of type 2 diabetes since 2004, as determined in the present study. The present study has four ...
1). This comorbid pair was also identified in previous trajectories constructed based on Danish claims data, suggesting the initial misdiagnosis of insulin-dependent diabetes as type 2 diabetes21. Considering these limitations, our category of “accompanying comorbidities” may be more precisely defined ...
Because the diagnosis of the diseases was solely dependent on physician decision in this study, the misclassification errors are expected to be minimized. Third, there can be a selection bias. Patients with diabetes would be more likely to visit the hospital than those without diabetes. It is ...