## ## Welch Two Sample t-test ## ## data: women_weight and men_weight ## t = -20, df = 30, p-value <2e-16 ## alternative hypothesis: true difference in means is not equal to 0 ## 95 percent confidence interval:
1) Compute independent t-test - Method 1: The data are saved in two different numeric vectors. # Compute t-test res <- t.test(women_weight, men_weight, var.equal = TRUE) res Two Sample t-test data: women_weight and men_weight t = -2.7842, df = 16, p-value = 0.01327 alternativ...
Stem cells are defined as slowly-dividing cells in multicellular organisms with the potential to either self-renew to produce more stem cells or to differentiate into specialized cell types. In the testis, spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are the male germline stem cells, being the only stem ...
Growing evidence suggests that relative carbohydrate intake affects depression; however, the association between carbohydrates and depression remains controversial. To test this, we performed a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using genetic variants associated with relative carbohydra...
A significantly deviating intercept value from the null (p < 0.05) suggested the presence of horizontal pleiotropy19, 20. Additionally, the presence of heterogeneous SNPs was examined using the MR-PRESSO global test. For further interpretation, a leave-one-out (LOO) analysis was performed to...
The number of correct test items was scored (maximum = 34). Cronbach’s alpha was .76 for the English-speaking and .77 for the German-speaking sample. 2.2.4. Working memory The Forward and Backward Digit Recall and Forward Block Recall subtests from the Working Memory Test Battery ...
For a better interpretation of the TGU scores of the student teachers, we also examined differences in TGU scores between student teachers and secondary school students via independent samples T-tests. Because an initial exploration of the data showed a significant correlation between the number of...
Longitudinal time use data afford the opportunity to study within- and between-individual differences, but can present challenges in data analysis. Often t
and G.N.R. provided input into analyses, interpretation of data and assisted with manuscript preparation. Corresponding author Correspondence to Georgia K. Dwyer. Ethics declarations Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests.
An absence of pleiotropy was indicated by a p-value greater than 0.05. The MR-PRESSO method was used to identify SNP outliers and ensure consistent results with the IVW method after removing these outliers23. Associations were considered statistically significant if the P-values in the IVW and...