The particles may not be observed directly, but their initial and final velocities are. Along the x-axis, the equation for conservation of momentum is p1x + p2x = p′1x + p′2x. Where the subscripts denote the particles and axes and the primes denote the situation after the collision....
It is especially noteworthy that the proportion of the compaction stage is relatively high. This may be due to the fact that the sample is affected by thermal expansion and contraction during heating and cooling, which causes cracks between the internal particles; thus, the time required for the...
3E–F). Using high-speed video, the displacement of individual particles was tracked from frame to frame within the separate channels, and their respective velocities at each point were determined using the known time between frames. Mean particle velocities (n ≥ 30) for the equal ...
Note that the coefficients CMIX, CJET have little effect on the boundary layer flows, due to the blending function being mostly equal to one inside the boundary layer. The parameter CNW was set to its default value CNW=0.5 (as will be detailed later). However, variations of CNW woul...
Particle velocities have been measured in two-dimensional water fluidized beds of mono-sized spherical glass particles d(p) = 1.94, 2.98, 4.00 and 6.00 mm in diameter. For each particle size, a separate column was constructed in a manner that the column thickness corresponded to approximately 3...
The virtual mass force of two equal spheres is investigated experimentally when both spheres were moving side by side and along the line joining their centers. The velocities of two accelerated spheres rising along the axis of a glass cylindrical column of a 2 m long and a diameter of 0.3 m...
Reliable and comprehensive predictive tools for the frictional pressure drop (FPD) are of particular importance for systems involving two-phase flow condensation. However, the available models are only applicable to specific operating conditions and chan
A new experimental facility has been designed and constructed which represents a 1:5.25 model of an industrial 185 t steel ladle. This setup is intended fo
Defects control the elasticity and dynamics of passive liquid crystals, and feature prominently in number-conserving active nematics6, where they arise from the self-sustaining shear flow arising from the stirring of the fluid by active particles....
in which both phases have the same velocity. However, the earlier studies have implied that this method is not reliable for low pressures and mass fluxes30,31. In the separated model presented by Lockhart and Martinelli32, FPD is determined by modification of the single-phase pressure drop by...