In roots, a fine band of lignin, the Casparian strip encircles endodermal cells. This forms an extracellular barrier to solutes and water and plays a critical role in maintaining nutrient homeostasis. A signalling pathway senses the integrity of this diffusion barrier and can induce over-...
Table 1. Spectroscopical parameters of the probes. Δstokesλ = λem –λabs; Φfree and Φcomp = quantum yield of the free forms and the Zn2+ complexes, respectively. Probeλabsfree/nmλabsZn/nmλem/nmΔstokesλ / nm∈maxZn(dm3(mol×cm)−1)FEFΦfree×104Φcomp×104Brightnessa ...
In the case of a typical PSC, the interfaces are composed of electrodes, CTLs, and perovskite [24,25]. Due to the incompatibility between materials in terms of crystal lattice, thermal expansion coefficient, energy level, and carrier mobility, these interfaces are characterized by a high defect...
Which part of the atom forms chemical bonds? What two regions make up all atoms? What two elements combine to form organic chemistry? How do the atoms of a molecule stay together? What makes one atom different from another atom? What type of bond holds atoms together because of their...
Plants usually produce defence metabolites in non-active forms to minimize the risk of harm to themselves and spatiotemporally activate these defence metabolites upon pathogen attack. This so-called two-component system plays a decisive role in the chemical defence of various plants. Here, we discove...
Atomic structure of defects in transitional metal dichalcogenides using transmission electron microscopy JunChen,Jamie H.Warner, in2D Semiconductor Materials and Devices, 2020 6.1Introduction 6.1.1Overview of two-dimensional materials Layered materials can present novel physical/chemical properties that are dif...
impacts of human activity. The environmental transition of the past 100 years-driven above all by a 20-fold increase in fossil-fuel use and augmented by a tripling in the use of traditional energy forms-has amounted to no less than the emergence of civilization as a global ecological and geo...
One- and two-dimensional nanostructures in both pristine and modified forms have shown great potential as catalysts in the generation of H2. We review here recent developments in these nanostructure catalysts and their efficiency in the generation of H2 under UV/visible/simulated solar light. Despite...
We also provide a perspective on 2D high-entropy materials research and its challenges and discuss the importance of this emerging field of nanomaterials in designing tunable compositions with unique electronic structures for energy, catalytic, electronic, and structural applications....
The use of single-crystal substrates as templates for the epitaxial growth of single-crystal overlayers has been a primary principle of materials epitaxy for more than 70 years. Here we report our finding that, though counterintuitive, single-crystal 2D