Systemic chemotherapy is supplemented after the surgery based on the degree of invasion of fat outside the bladder and the status of tumor thrombus in the vessels. Metastatic bladder cancer is mainly treated with chemotherapy, and palliative radiotherapy can be used to alleviate symptoms. 7.18.3 ...
Medical History A 76-year-old man presented with a slow-growing lesion that had appeared 4 years earlier on the great toe of his left foot. The patient reported recurring ingrowth of the nail on the same toe prior to the appearance of the lesion, as well as occasional episodes of self-...
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Most patients with unilateral renal tumors were treated surgically, followed by postoperative chemotherapy with or without RT. The exact protocol was determined according to the NWTS protocols and depended on the patient’s age and the stage of the tumor. Preoperative chemotherapy was administered to ...
Evidence from physical sciences in oncology increasingly suggests that the interplay between the biophysical tumor microenvironment and genetic regulation has significant impact on tumor progression. Especially, tumor cells and the associated stromal cel
Tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs) are commonly present within theTMEand are differentiated into two types based on the functional polarization: classically activated (M1) and alternatively activated (M2). M1 cells induce inflammation and therefore exert an antitumor effect, while M2 cells promote the ...
Conclusion: Tumor contamination in the biopsy path of primary malignant bone tumors was associated with local recurrence. On the other hand, the histological type of the tumor and the type of biopsy did not have an influence on tumor contamination. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy had a protective effect ...
The effectiveness of methotrexate eluted from polymethylmethacrylate on cell lines established from giant cell tumor of bone was investigated in vitro to determine the possible efficacy of this treatment. Elation of methotrexate from polymethylmethacrylate beads and boluses was shown in vitro to be dose...
Functional imaging of tumor microcirculation is based on an analysis of enhancement of the MRI signal from the biological distribution of a contrast medium (gadolinium chelate) in the microvasculature and interstitial tissue of the lesion. To do this, the tissue enhancement kinetics are examined dynami...
It is especially difficult for tumor cells to maintain a suitable supply of oxygen and nutrients in the case of their rapid growth and excessive proliferation. Additionally, tumor cells rely heavily on glycolysis rather than oxidative phosphorylation to maintain biosynthetic functions, thus producing ...