Risk factors: HIVAnti-HIV Drugs Kidney disease DiabetesDiabetesDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and dysfunction of the regulation of glucose metabolism by insulin. Type 1 DM is diagnosed mostly in children and young adults as the result of autoimmune destruc...
Intermediate risk factors: diabetes, chronic kidney disease, IV drug use Other risk factors: Smoking [64] Heavy alcohol consumption [65] Malnutrition, low body mass index Advanced age [66] Malignancy Gastrectomy or jejunoileal bypass All patients with HIV should be screened for LTBI, ...
The act of smoking creates a local inflammatory response in the lungs, while the nicotine in tobacco suppresses the immune response to that inflammation. Tuberculosis is unequally distributed according to demographic and geographic factors and has been found to be more prevalent among ethnic-minor...
Smoking and Risk of Tuberculosis Comment on Arch Intern Med. 2007 Feb 26;167(4):335-42. Jay,J Stephen - 《Archives of Internal Medicine》 被引量: 0发表: 2007年 Risk of tuberculosis from exposure to tobacco smoke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. There is no consensus whether tobacc...
Two of the risk factors that are increasingly being recognized as major drivers of the TB epidemic are tobacco smoking and diabetes [14-16]. Basu et al. through a mathematical model have shown that if current smoking trends continue, tobacco smoking will be responsible for 18 million TB cases...
Tuberculous empyema (TE) is associated with high mortality and morbidity. In the retrospective cohort study, we aimed to find risk factors for TE among pleural tuberculosis (TB) patients. Between July 2011 and September 2015, all culture-confirmed pleura
Factors associated with retreatment tuberculosis in Tshwane, south africa: the role of tobacco smokingtobacco smokingrecurrent tuberculosishuman immunodeficiency virustuberculosis relapseretreatment tuberculosisThere is evidence from international studies that tobacco smoking increases the risk of tuberculosis ...
Causes may include immunological differences between sexes as well as different levels of modifiable proximal TB risk factors such as smoking. We model these as a hazard ratio for progression or relapse, ie. we modelled differential fast progression for men as ϵm=α×ϵ/(1+α) and for ...
The results indicated that patient gender (P = 0.05), age: 15 to 24 years (P = 0.05) and age >55 years (P = 0.004) were risk factors associated with smoking among TB patients. Of the 68 smokers with TB, the treatment outcomes among 54 patients (79.4%) were unsuccessful. The ...
Smoking and tuberculosis: a chance or causal association? Thorax. Jul 2005;60(7):527–528. Google Scholar Getz HR, Long ER, Henderson HJ. A study of the relation of nutrition to the development of tuberculosis; influence of ascorbic acid and vitamin A. Am Rev Tuberc. Oct 1951;64(4):...