Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In most forms of the disease, the bacillus spreads slowly and widely in the lungs, causing the formation of hard nodules (tubercles) or large cheeselike masses that break down th
Female genital tuberculosis (FGTB) is typically understood as a disease of young women, especially in developing countries, with 80-90% of cases diagnosed in patients 20-40 years old, often during workup for infertility. The disease has been reported in postmenopausal females as well. We are ...
Tuberculosis (TB), a chronic granulomatous disease caused byMycobacterium tuberculosis(M. tuberculosis) that typically infects the lungs, is one of the most prevalent contagious infections [1]. This aerosol-based transmissible disease is among the top infectious diseases worldwide [2,3,4]. In Indi...
3.2. Transmission in Children When children are infected with Mtb, they are often more susceptible to getting sick faster than adults who are equally exposed. Relative to the pediatric population, TB disease in adults is typically associated with a previous dormant infection that subsequently develops...
Primary TB: typically, pneumonialike picture of the infiltrative process in middle or lower lung regions Reactivation TB: pulmonary lesions in the posterior segment of the right upper lobe, apicoposterior segment of the left upper lobe, and apical segments of the lower lobes TB associated with...
making them more challenging against the medicines typically employed for tuberculosis treatment. Consequently, these mutated strains emerge as dominant players in the population, outcompeting their more susceptible counterparts. This phenomenon underscores the critical role of genetic adaptation in the evolutio...
the patient must be placed on treatment immediately. The 4-drug regimen of INH, RIF, pyrazinamide (PZA), and ethambutol (EMB) continues to be the regimen of choice for all cases of drug-susceptible TB. Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) is typically given to all persons taking INH to prevent neuropat...
One-third of the world's population is thought to be infected with M. tuberculosis and in 2015, 10.4 million new infections occured.5 TB is typically viewed as a poverty-related disease and immunodeficiency, including infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), is an important risk factor...
in an Asian, Eastern European or Hispanic immigrant to the United States, homelessness in some communities, and history of previous antituberculosis therapy—correlate with drug resistance in adult patients. Patterns of drug resistance in children tend to mirror those found in adult patients in the...
Subculture, or passage of cells onto fresh growth medium, is utilized to preserve M. tuberculosis cell lines and is universally employed in TB diagnostics. The impact of such passages, typically performed in the absence of drug, on drug-resistant subpopulations is hypothesized to vary according to...