Theyfoundthatheavy-dutyFCEVscouldreachparityby2034.StudiesdisagreeontheTCOsforBEVs.Hunteretal.(2021)andLednaetal.(2024)bothestimatethatBEVs willbemoreexpensiveforheavy-dutyapplications,withHunteretal.(2021)finding thatBEVswillbemoreexpensivethanFCEVsin2050andreachcostparitywithdiesellater.However,Burnhametal...
Cost of money of 6% is assumed. 3.1.3. Vehicle Fuel (Energy) Consumption Vehicle fuel consumption is needed to estimate operating costs and emissions. Fuel consumption estimates are given in Table 3 for typical tractor–trailer combinations, with sources for these estimates listed in Table 4, ...
3.3.3. The Freight Infrastructures Module The modal traffic of freight vehicles causes damage to the infrastructure. This module addresses simulating the deterioration and maintenance dynamics of infrastructures and, based on which, to estimate the average transport capacity of infrastructures. Regarding ...