present the several different ways in which this concept can be construed, will indicate the appropriate context for each definition, and will discuss the significance of trophic levels both as categories of description universally applicable to all ecosystems and as expressions of ecosystem bioenergetics...
Learn about energy flow in an ecosystem. Explore ecosystem food chains with examples of the food chain trophic levels to understand the food web...
英英 网络释义 trophic-level n. 1. (生态系统的)营养级each of several levels in an ecosystem(= all the plants and animals in a particular area and their relationship with their surroundings) . Each level consists of living creatures that share the same function in the food chain and get thei...
Explain how decomposition connects all trophic levels in an ecosystem. How does the energy flow through an ecosystem (trophic levels)? What are trophic levels? What are trophic levels, and how many trophic levels can a food chain have? How do aquatic or...
Efficiency of trophic transfer (proportion of energy or mass passed from one trophic level to the next) can be used in comparing food webs across ecosystems or within specific parts of an ecosystem. Trophic transfer efficiency may be related to physical conditions. In open water, for example, ...
In a metanalytic approach, we compared the biomass of plankton-feeding (and top-predators) with bottom-feeding fish species between reservoirs and lakes, considering the influence of invaders and trophic levels. Among the 26 ecosystems (12 reservoirs and 14 lakes), there is a dominance of non-...
Both a high number of species and abundance in multiple trophic levels are required for ecosystems to continue to provide the services humans require of them. Numerous experiments have shown that the loss of biodiversity within single trophic groups — g
We present the first systematic investigation of biodiversity's effect on ecosystem multifunctionality across multiple taxa, trophic levels and habitats using a comprehensive database of 94 manipulations of species richness. We show that species-rich communities maintained multiple functions at higher levels...
2011. Legacy of top-down herbivore pressure ricochets back up multiple trophic levels in forest canopies over 30 years. Ecosphere 2: 397-409.Nuttle, T., E. H. Yerger, S. H. Stoleson, and T. E. Ristau. 2011. Legacy of top-down herbivore pressure ricochets back up multiple trophic ...
The amounts and rates of energy transfer between trophic levels in an ecosystem were represented byLindeman (1942)as a set of mathematical equations, setting ∧ as the energy content in the biomass of a trophic level (kcal m−2), and λ as the rate of transfer of energy between trophic...