This paper, we investigate the strategies on the topology construction and maintenance of P2P streaming systems with storage users are closer to the broadcaster than streaming users. And also we apply our idea on hybrid push-pull protocol that combines the benefits of pull and push mechanisms for...
Noun1.source code- program instructions written as an ASCII text file; must be translated by a compiler or interpreter or assembler into the object code for a particular computer before execution ASCII text file- a text file that contains only ASCII characters without special formatting ...
Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM)Hybrid optical ring-tree topologyOrthogonal modulation formatSpectral efficiency (SE)Bit error rateThis paper proposed a hybrid WDM ring-tree topologdoi:10.1007/s11107-017-0755-3SinghStSukhbirStSurinderStPhotonic Network Communications...
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The term “topology” in networking refers to the configuration of cables‚ computers‚ and peripherals. The six common used topologies in networking are: bus‚ star‚ ring‚ mesh‚ tree‚ and hybrid. The three major topologies that I will be discussing further in detail are: bus...
Tree topology of organizations is easily managed but the root is a single point of failure; P2P structure tends to be conversed To merge the advantages of both, we present a hybrid system with two layers: Tree Layer and Peer Layer. This structure is practical because organizations targeting ...
The rise of urbanization since the 1800s has driven various professions to investigate the hybrid system of man-made environment and nature: In architecture, Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux [52] for the first time used the term “landscape architecture” in 1863 for a new profession, whi...
Most studies on clock layout are concerned with the construction of a tree topology that satisfies the skew constraints. In fact, the synthesis of such a tree will be the main focus of Section 13.3.3. Non-tree structures, such as meshes or a hybrid of meshes and trees, typically can tole...
These proteins were recently found to show an association with necrosis that resulted from hybrid incompatibility in ornamental Japanese flowering cherries65. In Citrus grandis, Pru ar 1-like proteins increased in leaves in response to copper-induced treatment66. Interestingly, the Pru ar 1-like ...
As an extention of tree, we have phylogenetic networks that provide an explicit representation of the evolutionary relationships among sequences, genes, chromosomes, genomes, or species. They differ from phylogenetic trees because of the explicit modeling, by means of hybrid nodes instead of only tre...