Background Determining the spatial distribution of tree heights at the regional area scale is significant when performing forest above-ground biomass estimates in forest resource management research. The geometric-optical mutual shadowing (GOMS) model can be used to invert the forest canopy structural pa...
In this research, the height of tree and canopy area were derived from LiDAR and Aerial Photograph to estimate the carbon stock by using the multiplicative equation and examined the accuracy by comparing the field based information and the predicted results from calculation. Futhermore, the LiDAR ...
excessively high tree canopy cover may trap heat at the pedestrian level, especially in LCZ 1-3 compact zones with high background temperature climates116. Due to stomatal closure and the absence of solar radiation, transpirational cooling and shading are minimal at nighttime. ...
In each plot, which comprises several sub-plots, a ‘Large Tree Plot’ was established with a radius of 11.28 m and an area of 400 m2 (0.04 ha). Within this Large Tree Plot, all canopy trees (tree stems ≥ 9.0 cm in diameter at breast height) were systematically numbered...
calculation offBiofor Brasschaat in Belgium was obtained from Δ17O in NO3−collected in BD and wet-only precipitation (wo) collectors (seeMethodsfor more details). The Swedish site was not included in the isotope analyses, because canopy retention was observed but no canopy nitrification was ...
Tree densitygives foresters an idea of how closely trees are growing in a given area. This value is always expressed as trees per hectare. The tree density is not an exact number of all of the trees in the region, but it serves as an estimate. This calculation method is called point-qu...
Mangroves are special vegetation that grows in the intertidal zone of the coast and has extremely high ecological and environmental value. Different mangrove species exhibit significant differences in ecological functions and environmental responses, so
If provided, tree species allow for a more finely-tuned calculation of the Impact Area (IA) depending on the Tree Protection Zone (TPZ) computation method. A safe radius proportional to the risk element sizes is used to calculate the IAs, which varies in function of the method being ...
Calculation of basal area increments Tree-level average ring-width series were converted to annual basal area increments (BAI; cm2 yr-1), which is recognized to be closely related to tree productivity68. BAI was estimated from the relation: $${{{\rm{BAI}}}_{t}=\pi {R}_{t}^{2}-\...
pixel-based statistical method used. Besides tree density, the carbon sequestration capacity of trees is influenced by many other factors such as species diversity, photosynthetic capacity, and canopy architecture31,32. Some overlooked factors may play a significant role at certain points, leading to ...