The recorded history of botulism begins in 1735 when the disease was first associated with German sausage (food-borne disease orfood poisoningafter eating sausage). In 1870, a German physician by the name of Muller derived the name botulism from the Latin word forsausage.Clostridium botulinumbacter...
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are responsible for botulism in humans and vertebrates, being one of the six most catastrophic potential bioterrorism agents. This are similar to 150 kDa proteins, assembled as a similar to 50 kDa light chain (LC) and a similar to 100 kDa heavy chain (HC). ...
Arndt JW, Chai Q, Christian T, Stevens RC (2006) Structure of botulinum neurotoxin type D light chain at 1.65 Å resolution: repercussions for VAMP-2 substrate specificity. BioChemistry 45:3255–3262 CAS PubMed Google Scholar Arnon SS (1995) Botulism as an intestinal toxaemia. In: Blaser ...
The organisms (Listeria monocytogenes) that cause listeriosis have probably been infecting humans for centuries.Listeriawas first isolated from an infected WWI soldier in 1918 and had many different names until 1940 when the genus and species names were firmly established. However, people first recogniz...
There are many Clostridium genus' out in the world. C. sporogenes is very similar toClostridium botulinum, which you might have heard of on the T.V. or in the news (aka botulism). This Clostridium produces a toxin, which affects the nervous system, and can result in death. It is the...
The only specific treatment for botulism is passive immunization with an equine antitoxin. A trivalent antitoxin, which is active against the 3 most common types of food borne botulism (A, B, and E) is available from the CDC [8]. A pentavalent toxoid vaccine for types A, B, C, D, and...
More than 200 infectious causes exist. Sometimes it is not the bacteria that causes the problem, but rather the toxin that bacteria produce in the food before it is eaten. This is the case withStaphylococcalfood poisoning and withbotulism. ...
F. tularensiscan be freeze-dried and made into a powder which can be aerosolized. This makes it a potential source ofbioterrorismsimilar toanthrax,botulism, orbrucellosisbecause it could be delivered to large numbers of people. Once inhaled, it is estimated that more than 80% of people would ...
The anaerobic, gram positive bacterium Clostridium botulinum produces a potent polypeptide neurotoxin, botulinum toxin, which causes a neuroparalytic illness in humans and animals referred to as botulism. The spores of Clostridium botulinum are found in soil and can grow in improperly sterilized and ...
botulism. The spores ofClostridium botulinumare found in soil and can grow in improperly sterilized and sealed food containers of home based canneries, which are the cause of many of the cases of botulism. The effects of botulism typically appear 18 to 36 hours after eating the foodstuffs ...