Any long-distance transport system in living organisms must of necessity comprise three steps: a loading step where diffusion and membrane permeation take place; a bulk flow step carrying the transported substances over large distances, and an unloading step where diffusion and membrane permeation ...
Ion transport in living organisms is divided into active and passive, and the proteins responsible are known as transporters (pumps, exchanges, carriers, etc.) and channels [1,2]. Ion channels are central to living organisms; they are involved in signal transduction processes and in the conducti...
What is the importance of the transport system in complex organisms? Explain the properties of living things. Explain how the cardiovascular system transports essentials to and from all cells. Explain the function and the transport process of chylomicrons. What role does the circulatory system have...
A drop of food coloring slowly spreading in a glass of water is driven by a process known as diffusion. While the mathematics of diffusion have been known for many years, how this process works in living organisms is not as well understood. Now, a study published inNature Communicationspro...
The transport of matter in and out of cells is a very delicate and regulated process. The distribution of different ions in living systems is highly unbalanced, which is essential for sustaining normal bodily functions. This ionic imbalance across membranes generates a chemical potential, prompting ...
Cadmium speciation, target organs and ABC transporter expression. Cadmium is present in the environment and in living organisms in different forms. Cadmium chloride (CdCl2) dissociates mostly into chloro-complexes. Once ingested, cadmium can bind to various ligands, including metallothionein (MT), bet...
Directed transport of microcargoes is essential for living organisms as well as for applications in microrobotics, nanotechnology and biomedicine. Existing delivery technologies often suffer from low speeds, limited navigation control and dispersal by cardiovascular flows. In cell biology, these issues are...
This perspective will focus for the first time on the occurrence and potential transport pathways of MPs within the MENA region. The delivery mechanism of MPs and characteristics of ocean currents and air patterns are discussed in detail within the Arabi
Due to the narrow non-toxic window of Cu levels, a change from a submicromolar to low micromolar range of Cu may be deleterious to cells, and living organisms have evolved strictly controlled homeostatic mechanisms [28,31]. Furthermore, Cu has an important role in human reproduction, and ...
A transporter for substantially germfree transport of big living organisms from an operating-theatre to a clean room, which transporter contains a space wherein a laminar down-flow of clean air is mai