Biological systems provide an excellent evolutionary blueprint that addresses this issue in a radically different way. Axons in neurons can transmit constant-amplitude action potentials across many metres of highly resistive organic material in large animals by using spatially distributed local amplification ...
Axons exiting the vertebral canal from every spinal cord segment travel along the spinal nerve to the motor endplates of the muscle fibers in the target supply area where they divide off into several branches. For better insulation and more rapid conduction of impulses, the axons of motor ...
The sympathetic ganglion, particularly the superior cervical ganglion, has long been studied as a prototype of autonomic ganglia and a monosynaptic model of the nervous system. Along with the accumulation of new experimental knowledge, however, the preva
. Rather, dynamic molecular responses occurring in the releasable vesicle pool within the first few seconds may be responsible. Such changes would be consistent with dynamic biochemical effects on synapsins. Since administration of dephospho-synapsin into axons can decrease evoked synaptic transmission (...
transmission of neural impulses within the fibers of the spinal tracts; in the long-term T2 observation period, they reached values comparable to those recorded in healthy volunteers, bilaterally. Preoperatively (T0), the results of all the neurophysiological study parameters in the IS patients were...
Nerve cells communicate with each other through both wiring (synaptic) and volume transmission of signals. It is by now clear that glial cells, and in particular astrocytes, also play critical roles in both modes by releasing different kinds of molecules (e.g., D-serine secreted by astrocytes...