Transcription–translation coupling has served as a paradigm on how macromolecular machines can cooperate inside cells. Here, using in vitro reconstitution of the complete active transcription–translation machinery and using multi-colour single-molecule imaging, we have simultaneously tracked transcription and...
In eukaryotic cells like the protozoan Plasmodium , protein translation takes place in the cytosol. It is foremost dependent on the availability of mRNA templates previously transcribed in the nucleus but can also be regulated at the RNA level and globally in processes referred to as post...
Acute inhibition of translation selectively diminishes Satb2 expression, and a distinct translation rate upregulation takes place in the late progenitors of Satb2-positive neurons (Figs. 1–4). We hypothesized that Satb2 expression is regulated by an upstream signaling modulating protein synthesis. We...
What are some of the differences in the way transcription is regulated in prokaryotes versus eukaryotes that are provided by the presence of the nuclear envelope in eukaryotic cells? State two differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The chromosomes of a eukaryotic cell...
Mainly known as a transcription factor patterning the rostral brain and governing its histogenesis, FOXG1 has been also detected outside the nucleus; however, biological meaning of that has been only partially clarified. Prompted by FOXG1 expression in c
3. Translational control in cancer cells In eukaryotic cells, the control of protein homeostasis (referred to as proteostasis) is essential for optimal cell function. The synthesis of most polypeptides begins on ribosomes in the cytosol. Albeit some proteins achieve their three-dimensional conformations...
The production of proteins is initiated in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells where DNA is first transcribed, resulting in mRNA which is then translocated to the cytoplasm, and finally, translated into apolypeptide chainby the ribosomes. Mutations in distinct molecules playing a role in protein...
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Here, we report the tRNA binding to the P-site of 40 S ribosomes by a novel GTP-independent factor eIF2D isolated from mammalian cells. The binding of tRNAoccurs after the AUG codon finds its position in the P-site of 40 S ribosomes, the situation that takes place during initiation ...
Taken together, the results above indicate two modes of action of RocA on translation in a gene-specific manner. The first typical mode takes place in the 5′ UTRs, resulting in initiation blockage of a set of genes as represented by the IRGs. The second mode of action functions on the...