factorsWe examined how remote enhancers establish physical communication with target promoters to activate gene transcription in response to environmental signals. Although the natural IFN-尾 enhancer is located immediately upstream of the core promoter, it also can function as a classical enhancer element...
Transcription factors mediate long-range enhancer–promoter interactions We examined how remote enhancers establish physical communication with target promoters to activate gene transcription in response to environmental signals... IK Nolis,DJ Mckay,E Mantouvalou,... - 《Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A》 ...
Many transcription factors regulate gene expression in a lineage- and process-specific manner, despite being expressed in several cell types. Here, the authors show that the Hox transcription factor Ubx has lineage-specific interactomes, which contribute to its cell context-dependent functions. Julie ...
Transcription factors are proteins that interact with specific DNA sequences within the enhancers or promoters of target genes, and can modify the chromatin structure surrounding a target gene to change accessibility for transcription. Ultimately, transcription factors regulate the rate of transcription into...
4a,b). Consistent with our previous results, the disrupted loops are CTCF or cohesin dependent, whereas the persistent and upregulated loops are mostly anchored by promoters and enhancers (Fig. 4c and Extended Data Fig. 6a,b). To further validate this, we specifically quantified the strength ...
Indeed, many features of "open" chromatin correlate with V(D) J recombination, and promoters and enhancers have been strongly implicated in creating a recombinase-accessible configuration in neighboring chromatin. An important prediction of the accessibility model is that cis-elements and transcription ...
2D) [120]. Many of the observed CTCF mediated chromatin interactions were between enhancers and promoters [120]. Protein–protein interaction studies have shown that CTCF interacts with proteins involved in organizing nuclear structure; for example CTCF was found to direct chromatin insulators to ...
Promoters, if bound by a preinitiation complex, can provide only a low level of transcription. To obtain maximal transcription, enhancers are bound by activator proteins, (which are not basal transcription factors). The activator proteins interact with adapters to form bridges to the preinitiation ...
Genomic enhancers regulate spatio-temporal gene expression by recruiting specific combinations of transcription factors (TFs). When TFs are bound to active regulatory regions, they displace canonical nucleosomes, making these regions biochemically detectable as nucleosome-depleted regions or accessible/open ch...
5a), where we would expect transcription factors to frequently bind. Based on these results, we hypothesize that the overall transcriptional activity of enhancers is generally regulated from the central TF binding sites. At promoters, we found that tiQTLs are preferentially enriched nearer to the ...