elongation factors: Spt4/5 (DSIF in human)28,29and potentially the archaeal homologue of elongation factor Elf1 (Elof1 in humans)30,31. In addition, the transcript cleavage factor TFS (homologous to TFIIS) transiently associates with the TEC and reactivates arrested TECs32. Spt4/5 and TFE ...
The 5´–3´ exoribonuclease Rat1/Xrn2 is responsible for the termination of eukaryotic mRNA transcription by RNAPII. Rat1 forms a complex with its partner proteins, Rai1 and Rtt103, and acts as a “torpedo” to bind transcribing RNAPII and dissociat
If PDEF loss also promotes a stem-like phenotype in prostate cancer cells then EMT and invasion (also properties of CSCs) should be seen. These proposals are yet to be experimentally demonstrated. 4.3.2 ELF3 ELF3 (also known as ESE1, ESX, and Jen) is mainly expressed in epithelial-ric...
CP2, a factor homologous to Drosophila Elf-1 and previously found to be a critical regulator of several viral and cellular genes in response to developmental signals, is rapidly activated in TH cells in response to mitogenic stimulation. Overexpression of CP2 enhances activity of IL-4 promoter,...
Transcription factors (TFs) bind regulatory genomic regions to orchestrate spatio-temporal expression of target genes. Global dissection of the cistrome is critical for elucidating transcriptional networks underlying complex agronomic traits in crops. He
Furthermore, research has revealed that TGIF1, EHF, and ELF3 create a transcriptional regulatory system that depends on a SE and interferes with gene transcription in lung cancer [69]. Similarly, other CRC TF (HOXB cluster genes and FOSL1)-mediated oncogenic transcription programs are involved ...
[16]. These observations indicate that ASCL2 acts to promote proliferation and inhibits differentiation. Similarly, the FOS like 1 (FOSL1) and MYC TFs are also expressed in CTB and proliferative EVT cell columns but not in the more differentiated lineages. In agreement with this, it has been...
(92%) of the TF HOT regions are located in promoters or strong enhancer-like regions [7,52]. The number of bound TFs correlates with the expression levels of the nearest genes in human [7]. Similarly, the number of bound TFs at gene promoters also positively correlated with the gene ...
Transcription elongation is facilitated by the viral factor Tat, which binds an RNA stem loop structure, TAR, at the 5′ end of the initiated transcript and recruits the P-TEFb complex to enhance RNAP II activity [89–91]. Epigenetic regulation, the recruitment of repressive transcription ...
Detecting changes in the activity of a transcription factor (TF) in response to a perturbation provides insights into the underlying cellular process. Transcription Factor Enrichment Analysis (TFEA) is a robust and reliable computational method that dete