Tragedies of the Commons happen because of the small contributions of many, and hence they require organized and enforced collective action to prevent their occurrence. Examples are described, including the Great Stink of 1858 and (in particular) the Great Smog of 1953, both in London. The Great...
Tragedies of the Commons happen because of the small contributions of many, and hence they require organized and enforced collective action to prevent their occurrence. Examples are described, including the Great Stink of 1858 and (in particular) the Great Smog of 1953, both in London. The Great...
This chapter examines recent Japanese legal responses to challenges in an era of "underuse" from the perspective of the "tragedy of the commons" presented by G. Hardin and the "tragedy of the anti-commons" presented by M. Heller.doi:10.1007/978-981-15-6641-7_5Narufumi Kadomatsu...
Contemporary policy analysis of the governance of common-pool resources is based on three core assumptions: (a) resource users are norm-free maximizers of immediate gains, who will not cooperate to overcome the commons dilemmas they face; (b) designing rules to change incentives of participants ...
1. (Theatre) (esp in classical and Renaissance drama) a play in which the protagonist, usually a man of importance and outstanding personal qualities, falls to disaster through the combination of a personal failing and circumstances with which he cannot deal 2. (Theatre) (in later drama, such...
LOS ANGELES, Calif., Jan. 24, 2024 (SEND2PRESS NEWSWIRE) -- The mangled frame of a silver sedan gleams under the overhead lights in a local body shop, a testament to human capacity for error. Replacing crumpled fenders and shattered windshields is a body
This chapter examines recent Japanese legal responses to challenges in an era of "underuse" from the perspective of the "tragedy of the commons" presented by G. Hardin and the "tragedy of the anti-commons" presented by M. Heller. 展开 ...
“On the Nature of Things” (by Lucretius) (+++): Written in the first century BC, the book is a great exercise of observation and deduction. The author tries to describe the universe, matter, the forces, death, the soul, etc. [Twitter thread]. “Sense and Sensibility” (by Jane Aus...
Under a general constant elasticity of substitution (CES) function, this paper generalizes the substitution of concurrent possession of a property right—from perfect substitutes to partial substitutes to perfect complements—in the context of commons/anticommons tragedies. We demonstrate that when the pos...
That individuals acting out of their own self-interest can be worse off than had they coordinated is termed a "tragedy of the commons" - a concept introduced nearly 50 years ago by the ecologist Garrett Hardin. (The use of the term "tragedy" denotes its inevitability). However, the origina...