The esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the throat (pharynx) to the stomach. Its main function is to transport food and liquids from the mouth to the stomach for digestion. The walls of the esophagus have muscles that contract in a coordinated manner, using a process called peristalsis...
The body's respiratory system includes the nose, sinuses, mouth, throat (pharynx), voice box (larynx), windpipe (trachea), and lungs. Upper respiratory infections affect the parts of the respiratory tract that are higher on the body, including the nose, sinuses, and throat, while lower respi...
The upper respiratory system consists of the nose, mouth, pharynx, and larynx. These parts bring air into and out of the body. The lower respiratory system is located in the chest cavity and includes the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli. The lower respiratory system is the site of...
3b, 5h, 14e were determined by the straight line connecting pharynx to primary branch on 2D images. The diameter in Figs. 1d, 2i, 5f, g, 6c, Supplementary Fig. 3c, 14f, a, b were determined by the mediolateral straight line in middle region of the trachea on 2D images. Mouse ...
Anesthesia For Surgery of the Nose, Pharynx, Larynx, and Trachea Most otolaryngologists perform their own local anesthesia and engage an anesthetist (doctor or nurse) to administer the general anesthesia. This paper does not attempt to markedly alter the anesthesia methods preferred by the otolaryng...