toxin- a poisonous substance produced during the metabolism and growth of certain microorganisms and some higher plant and animal species venom- toxin secreted by animals; secreted by certain snakes and poisonous insects (e.g., spiders and scorpions) ...
toxin - a poisonous substance produced during the metabolism and growth of certain microorganisms and some higher plant and animal species ricin, ricin toxin - a toxic protein extracted from castor beans; used as a chemical reagent; can be used as a bioweapon; "one milligram of ricin can kill...
Some animals are necropsied at intermediate stages of the test (e.g., at 12 months), as are any animals that are found dead or moribund, and all surviving animals are necropsied at the end of the test. See also: chronic toxicity testing; subchronic toxicity testing; toxic endpoints....
Cholera toxin is a toxin secreted by the bacterium Vibrio cholera that causes persistent activation of Gαs, leading to continuous stimulation of adenylate cyclase in intestinal cells, resulting in diarrhea due to excessive efflux of ions and water. ...
In addition to the direct degradation of NETs by nucleases secreted by some pathogens, many pathogens achieve immune escape by inhibiting the formation or release of NETs. Studies have shown that type 2 dengue virus (DENV-2) does not stimulate NETs production but rather inhibits NETs production ...
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Coevolution takes the sting out of it: Evolutionary biology and mechanisms of toxin resistance in animals. Understanding how biotic interactions shape the genomes of the interacting species is a long-sought goal of evolutionary biology that has been hampered by ... Kevin,Arbuckle,C Ricardo,... ...
unlike some bacterial toxins displaying oral toxicity, such as the 3D-Cry toxins, which interact with specific receptors located on the insect gut epithelium leading to pore formation27,28or the PirABvptoxin in shrimp29. This may be explained either by the failure of the toxin to cross the pe...
22 The crystal structure solved by Nesic et al. indicates that this holotoxin is a tripartite complex,23 and thus it is distinguished from binary CDT toxin secreted by Clostridium difficile in its structure and functions. CDT consists of an enzyme of the DNase-I family (CdtB) bound ...
If transcription of a toxin encoding gene is controlled by such a target specific promoter, eradication of undesirable cell population is feasible with minimal collateral damage (Figure 1). The next chapter Toxins 2010, 2 2534 reviews some of the prominent toxin-based suicide gene therapy studies ...