In vitro, NRTIs reduce mitochondrial DNA, most likely by inhibiting mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma. Heterogeneous toxicity profiles of different NRTIs in vivo may be related to variable tissue sensitivity, cell entry, and drug phosphorylation. Therefore, each NRTI has a specific adverse effect profi...
mutans biofilm in the in vitro experiments. A significant decrease in the bacteria viability was observed after PS application at a concentration of 25 μg/ml, incubation for 5 min and further irradiation (light dose 30 J/cm2). The optimum condition for inactivation of S. mutans ...
The potential for PAH-related biological effects using PED concentrations were estimated with multiple approaches by applying EqP, water quality guidelines, and pathway-based biological activity based on in vitro bioassay results from ToxCast. Results based on the PED-based exposure estimates were ...
The in vitro results showed that synthetized vector had similar cytotoxicity than free DOX, but had a less effect on YTS cells as CD24- cell [295]. Rituximab (Rtx) is a mAb against CD20 antigen, which was approved by US FDA (Food and Drug Administration) for treating B-cell non...
Abbreviation for the trans-Golgi network. TH domain Domain (Tec homology domain) that is characteristic of Tec family protein kinases, probably the ligand region for the SH3 domain that follows downstream. The N-terminal 27aa of the TH domain are highly conserved (the Btk motif),...
This property may be beneficial to improve tissue repair and the resolution of inflammation, which suggest that these SL analogs may also prove beneficial in regenerative medicine applications. Further discussion of SL cytotoxicity on normal cell lines is discussed below. Comparison of SLs in vitro ...
Transactivator protein (86aa) from lentiviruses, notably HIV, a sequence-specific RNA binding protein that recognizes the TAR region in viral transcripts and enhances transcription. It is also secreted and will induce endothelial cell migration and invasion in vitro and rapid angiogenesis in vivo. Pep...
Unique cell lines may also be genetically modified cell lines that exhibit altered signal transduction and/or alterations in the mode of cell death. The overarching criteria are that the unique cell line will be useful as a model for in vitro toxicant testing or to serve as a tool for ...
Cytokines (macrophage colony-stimulating factors: M-CSFα, 256aa; M-CSFβ, 554aa; M-CSFγ, 438aa) that play an important role in the activation and proliferation of microglial cells both in vitro and in injured neural tissue, are important in adipocyte hyperplasia, in osteoclast differentiation...
It is defined as the quantity of ionizing radiation energy imparted per unit mass of specified material and is expressed in units of gray (abbreviation Gy), where 1 Gy is equal to 1 J/kg. The term gray has replaced the older term rad, radiation absorbed dose (100 rads=1 Gy) (Fair...