Its popularity is clearly influenced by the introduction of Google's Knowledge Graph in 2012, and since then the term has been widely used without a definition. A large variety of interpretations has hampered the evolution of a common understanding of knowledge graphs. Numerous research papers ...
This paper at first elaborates on the definition and characteristics of Knowledge Graphs and data integration. Then, the underlying semantic architectures as well as the corresponding information technology standards are collected. Additionally, first industrial applications in the context of Knowledge Graph...
The fractal nature of complex networks has received a great deal of research interest in the last two decades. Similarly to geometric fractals, the fractality of networks can also be defined with the so-called box-covering method. A network is called fractal if the minimum number of boxes nee...
Public sentiment towards the police is a matter of great interest in the United States, as reports on police misconduct are increasingly being published in mass and social media. Here, we test how the public’s perception of the police can be majorly sha
Automatic feature learning: Deep learning eliminates the need for manual definition of training sets by automatically acquiring high-level features through neural networks. Different models based on transformer In this section, we introduce several models based on the transformer model available in the li...
2. Definition of Punctuation Whether or not any written document can be entirely without punctuation depends on how we define the term. At first glance, what punctuation is seems obvious and trivial: a small set of marks – i.e., comma, semicolon, colon, period, hyphen, dash, parentheses...
In this study, we investigate the communication networks of urban, suburban, and rural communities from three US Midwest counties through a stochastic model that simulates the diffusion of information over time in disaster and in normal situations. To un
Definition ofa Safe State Process to Develop a Functional Safety Concept Ability Graphs as Part of a Functional Safety Concept Summary This chapter described the process to derive a functional safety concept for auto- mated road vehicles. Additionally we presented the introduction of the Skill Graph ...
A hypergraph structure [8] generalizes traditional graph theory by allowing edges to connect multiple vertices simultaneously rather than just pairs of vertices. Formally, Definition 1 An undirected hypergraph is a tuple\({\mathfrak {G}} ({\mathcal {V}}, {\mathcal {E}})\)with a. A colle...
This is followed by a definition of accessibility in the context of EHC planning, and a brief summary of research in this field and how mobile phone data has been utilized in research on accessibility. Then, the study area (Sweden) is presented. This is followed by a description of the ...