Stress–strain curveA simple, economical, and practical drop-weight impact testing machine was developed to determine the impact resistance for high-strength fiber-reinforced concrete (HSFRC) composite. Impact
Furthermore, a strain-hardening period even appears in the stress-strain curve of the cement paste-PVA hydrogel composite, which increases the ultimate strain to over 0.35. It should be noted that two major cracks appear in the fracture pattern of the composite, differing from either pure ...
Tough materials, on the other hand, absorb strain energy at the crack tip through plastic deformation of the surrounding matrix. In effect, the specimen traverses all stages of the stress–strain response, from yielding to work hardening to fracture, in a split second. The fractured halves cann...
The peaks of shear stress in these two directions are 103 GPa and 101 GPa, indicating no distinct easy or hard directions. c, Energy–strain curves of 9R diamond along (001)[11\(\bar{2}\)] and (001)[\(\bar{1}\bar{1}\)2] directions. d, Structural snapshots from I to II (...
Typical results for the tensile stress–strain curves for the 0° and 90° fibre directions of the GFRP composites and the shear stress–shear strain curve for the ± 45° fibre direction GFRP composites are shown in Figs.4,5and6. The values of the mean values from the replicate specimen...
The K-R curve test provides valuable data about the toughness development as a crack is progressively propagated under an increasing applied stress intensity factor K. R-Curves and applied K-Curves are used to predict the critical stress intensity that will cause the onset of unstable fracturing....
Compared with the measured cohesive tough- ness, the bilinear softening constitutive curve is consist- ent with the hybrid-fiber concrete. In the bilinear softening constitutive curve, ordinate σ is the cohesive stress, abscissa w is the crack opening dis- placement in the fracture process area,...
(G = \frac{6}{{\sqrt {\lambda _{{{\mathrm{b}}} }}W\left( {\lambda _{{{\mathrm{b}}} \right)c\), where λb is the fracture strain of the notched samples and W(λb) is the area under the stress–strain curve of the corresponding unnotched samples at the strain of λb 34...
The analysis is based on the comparison of the static fracture toughness of the material and stress intensity factor calculated from the given loading situation (Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM) concept). From: Materials Ageing and Degradation in Light Water Reactors, 2013 ...
the toughness can be related to the area under the stress-strain curve via integration of the curve describing the stress-strain. Generally, the toughness of a material is more important under dynamic conditions, as when a force is applied suddenly. Therefore, impact toughness is defined as the...