The study employed response surface regressions, structural break cumulative sum (CUSUM) test based on recursive residuals and ordinary least squares (OLS) residuals for parameter stability en route to estimating the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) regression. The environmental Kuznets c...
(2) Addressing Endogeneity: The study acknowledges the potential endogeneity issues between the development of the digital economy and total factor productivity (TFP). It employs geographic distance as an instrumental variable and utilizes the Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) method to tackle endogeneity...
Table 2. Permutational ANOVA results partitioning effect of bird age, diet, and TSAA (DL-methionine) levels on microbial community composition of the cecum as calculated at a 97% cuttoff as described in the text. Empty CellDegree of freedomSum of squaresFPr (>F) Age 1 0.21 1.02 0.414 Diet...
(2020). Ward’s method is based on the principle that at each stage of the algorithm, the sum of squares within each existing cluster is calculated. This sum can be understood as the square of the Euclidean distance of each element of the cluster in relation to the average of the group...
Addressing this challenge, the traditional two-way fixed effects (TWFE) ordinary least squares (OLS) estimation method may not provide a sufficient solution, as it primarily focuses on the conditional expectations of the dependent variable (i.e., the mean) [53,54]. This is particularly ...
This study reports on the successful use of a machine learning approach using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR FT-IR) spectroscopy for the classification and prediction of a donor’s sex from the fingernails of 63 individuals.
Addressing this challenge, the traditional two-way fixed effects (TWFE) ordinary least squares (OLS) estimation method may not provide a sufficient solution, as it primarily focuses on the conditional expectations of the dependent variable (i.e., the mean) [53,54]. This is particularly ...
Addressing this challenge, the traditional two-way fixed effects (TWFE) ordinary least squares (OLS) estimation method may not provide a sufficient solution, as it primarily focuses on the conditional expectations of the dependent variable (i.e., the mean) [53,54]. This is particularly ...
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the response surface quadratic model. Source Model X1: Temperature X2: Ethanol concentration X3: Time X4: Liquid-to-solid ratio X1 X2 X1 X3 X1 X4 X2 X3 X2 X4 X3 X4 X12 X22 Sum of Squares 45.29 8.79 0.035 0.0048 10.53 0.027 0.068 0.1 0.023 0.017 0 ...
(2019), the lagged one-period Ln LAND(-1) of land transfer, as well as its spatially lagged counterpart W×Ln LAND(-1), are used as instrumental variables in a two-stage least squares (2SLS) estimation [57]. This is an ideal form of testing for endogeneity problems in the spatial ...