Even though China has one-fifth of the world’s population, it only has around 8% of the world’s cultivated land, making it 126th in the world for per capita cultivated land area (Zhang et al.,2021a). Over time, China’s agricultural production land has been converted to functional l...
Labor input is expressed by the annual average number of employees in each sub-sector of the manufacturing industry. Energy input is expressed as the total annual consumption of standard coal in each segment of the manufacturing industry. Additionally, the ML index method calculates the index as...