South Korea's total fertility rate reached 1.3 in 2001 and hit a record low (0.92) in 2019. The total number of births shrank even faster, recording a 45.9 per cent drop between 2001 and 2019. To understand the declining births and the contributing demographic factors, I decompose the ...
They explained that the richest women could utilize pricy, long-term contraceptives to delay childbirth. Askew et al. [24] similarly noted that while wealthy women may have the means to reduce their fertility rates, poorer women may not, due to financial constraints. Similar to the findings of...
such as the fixed effect and random effect, to examine the impact of the ecological footprint indicators on the total fertility rate. These models were used to compare the effects of the ecological indicators on the total fertility rate. The impacts were determined using the following equation: ...
A mathematical review of the relationship between the period total fertility rate and the cohort fertility rate is presented by using simple models and a variety of mathematical formulas. The different formulas used are illustrated and explained; they are largely based upon similar work done by other...
“Decomposition of the change in the total fertility rate in the Republic of Korea, 1966–70” Social Biology. 1978; 25 :115–127.Retherford, R.D. and Ogawa, N. 1978. "Decomposition of the Change in the Total Fertility Rate in the Republic of Korea, 1966- 1970" Social Biology, 25(...
Thus, the model explained different annual rates of soil respiration for both types of juniper woodland as a function of only the soil temperature: for a certain increase in soil temperature (Ts), the variation in soil CO2 efflux was significantly greater in the young juniper woodland, the ...
Despite the high population density, South Korea is now one of the countries with the lowest fertility rates, i.e. the number of babies born by women of childbearing age. This apparent discrepancy could be explained by a high number of immigrants coupled with the aforementioned high life ...
were positively related to14CO2efflux and explained 33% and 26% of the response variance, respectively (Fig.4c, d). Yet again, the root biomass and root surface area had no effect on the efflux rate (Fig.4e, f). The14C activity of root-attached soil was unrelated to CO2or14CO2efflux...
This was explained by the grazing pressure that was below a threshold to cause severe degradation, and by the input of manure from grazing animals that improved soil C storage. These results and our findings show that changes in soil C associ- ated with livestock grazing exclusion varied with...
Yield trends and variabilities explained by climatic change in coastal and non-coastal areas of Bangladesh. July 02, 2021 [MEDLINE Abstract] Does policy cognition affect livestock farmers' investment in manure recycling facilities? Evidence from China. ...