the solar system proposed by Nicolaus Copernicus. This model, which placed the Sun at the center of the solar system rather than Earth, was in conflict with the geocentric model endorsed by the Roman Catholic Church at the time. As a result, Galileo was accused of heresy and was placed und...
In addition to philosophy, the Renaissance afforded a resurgence in science. It was the age of Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543), Galileo Galilei (1564–1642), Johannes Kepler (1571–1630), and Isaac Newton (1642–1727). Although a general foundation for scientific inquiry was provided by these...
Professor Bogusław Buszewski of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland, has been awarded the prestigious Martin Medal, and the 2025 Silver Jubilee Medal has been awarded to Elia Psillakis of the Technical University of Crete in Greece. A Comparative Study of Various Sampl...
We thank the following heads of the pediatric surgery departments for sharing the data, help, great professionalism and support: Wojciech Choiński (University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn), Przemysław Gałązka (The Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń), Jan Godziński (Pediatric Surgery...
Nicolaus Copernicus1who replaced the earth-centric view with a helio-centric one. The second blow to humanity was by Charles Darwin2who replaced divine creation with evolution by variation and natural selection.Thus Freud nominated himself to sit by the historical scientific side of Copernicus and ...