bottom-up approachcopula functioncredit riskgoodness-of-fit testintegrated risk managementmarket risktop-down approachBanks and other financial institutions face the necessity to merge the economic capital for credit risk, market risk, operational risk and other risk types to one overall economic capital...
Ecology:There are top-down and bottom-up structures that are part of our natural world. In some ecosystems, top predators control the structure of a population. This is an example of a top-down approach. In comparison, other ecosystems exist on a bottom-up approach. These ecosystems, like ...
International Climate Negotiations: Top-down, Bottom-up or a Combination of Both? Most observers agree that more than 20 years of UN climate negotiations have been a failure. Some argue that the top-down approach is one important reason ... Andresen,Steinar - 《International Spectator》 被引量...
Given the complementary nature of the information provided by top-down and bottom-up strategies, both will continue to be employed in proteomics. The top-down approach is newer to the proteomic world, and will benefit from improvements in MS hardware (for example, extended mass range), advances...
This approach is referred to as the "bottom-up" approach. However, parametric uncertainty does not account for all sources of the differences between model predictions and experimental observations, such as model form uncertainty and experimental uncertainty due to the variability of test conditions, ...
And what I wanted to share with you today is the difference between these top down establishment backed supported quote unquote movements versus a true bottoms up movements, the establishment back top down movements are typically done in reaction to the growing bottoms up movements. I’ll give ...
Traditional planning processes focus on disparate planning cycles for new and existing assets in a top-down versus bottom-up asset planning approach. This approach leads to suboptimization. An integrated planning process breaks down the departmental silos with optimization engines at three levels. Optimi...
Bottom-Up Versus Top-Down Lawmaking 来自 学术范 喜欢 0 阅读量: 13 作者: JJ Rachlinski 摘要: Democratic legal systems make law in one of two ways: by abstracting general principles from the decisions made in individual cases (from the bottom up); or by declaring general principles through a...
Some controversy exists about the advocacy of top-down versus bottom-up forecasting strategies. Top-down forecasting refers to the process of forecasting the demand for the aggregate of items in a class and then inferring individual demands according to a percentage of the total; bottom-up refers...
The most interesting sentence is this one: "So, is The Middle an analysis approach compared to Top-Down and Bottom-Up? No. " Do you feel that bottom up is an analysis approach? I tend to view it as a spectrum: top down does analysis, design and development. bottom up develop...