Sophisticated voluntary movements of the tongue are essential to speech articulation and swallowing in humans. Voluntary tongue movements are finely controlled by communications between the cortex and tongue muscles. A large number of previous studies have reported that functional connections between the ...
2.3). Motor innervation to all intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles is supplied by the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII). This nerve runs between the mylohyoid and hyoglossus muscles in the posterior floor of the mouth then continues forward in the fibers of the genioglossus giving small branches ...
The mammalian tongue consists of a mass of interwoven, striated muscles interspaced with glands and fat and covered with mucous membrane. In humans the front tips and margins of the tongue usually touch the teeth, aiding in swallowing and speech. The top surface, or dorsum, contains numerous pr...
The mammalian tongue consists of a mass of interwoven, striated muscles interspaced with glands and fat and covered with mucous membrane. In humans the front tips and margins of the tongue usually touch the teeth, aiding in swallowing and speech. The top surface, or dorsum, contains numerous pr...
The tongue is made up of two types of muscles: extrinsic and intrinsic. Extrinsic muscles originate from elsewhere in the body and attach to the tongue. They connect with surrounding bones and help the organ move up and down, from side to side and in and out. The tongue's extrinsic ...
In general, such a robust control is made possible by reflex mechanisms that enable the muscles to be rapidly activated in order to counteract possible deviations from the intended movement. However, the existence of tongue reflex in humans is still controversial. Previous studies2,3 failed to...
Moreover, adult human tongue muscles have multiple unique anatomic features. As the tongue shape changes that are seen during speech articulation are unique to humans, we hypothesize that the large proportion of slow MFs and the anatomical specializations observed in the adult human tongue have ...
the unpaired growth on the floor of the mouth in humans and other vertebrates. In fishes the tongue is a fold of the mucous membrane; it has no muscles (except in dipnoans) and moves with the entire visceral skeleton when the sublingual-branchial apparatus moves. In amphibians numerous mucous...
In the present study, GTF is adapted to segment the genioglossus and inferior longitudinalis tongue muscles from super-resolution 3D MR images. However, poor visibility of tongue muscle boundaries and presence of reconstruction artifacts, such as intensity mismatches, blur, blank image regions, etc...
Do both lips and tongue have muscles? Yes, both contain muscles; lips have outer muscular layers, while the tongue itself is a muscle. 6 How do the lips and tongue interact during eating? Lips hold food inside while the tongue moves it around for chewing. 5 Can damage to the lips or ...