Toll‐like receptorsToll﹍ike receptors (TLRs) are usually expressed on immune cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells, mast cells, as well as on eosinophils and some epithelial cells. They play a central role in the recognition of harmful molecules that belong to invading microorganisms or ...
REFERENCES: Aderem A, Ulevitch RJ. Toll-like receptors in the induction of the innate immune response. Nature 2000 Aug 17;406(6797):782-7. Kimbrell DA, Beutler B., The evolution and genetics of innate immunity. Nat Rev Genet 2001 Apr;2(4):256-67 Means TK, Golenbock DT, Fenton MJ. ...
TL LR9 9ViraldSRNAMyD88TRAMPGNBLPI k k BATF2LBPCD14RacRacTIRAPI k k BLPSPI3KPI3KRIP2RIP2IRAK4IRAK1 IRAK2MKK7MEKK3TAK1TAB2MKK6p38JNKIKKsMKK3BTKIKKsIKK e eRIPRIP3TBK1IRAKMyD88TIRAPBTKLTALAMNF- k k BNF- k k BNF- k k BNF- k k BTIRAPLPSToll-Like Receptors 2009ProteinLounge.comC ...
Toll-Like Receptor Pathway(1)|pathway|receptor|toll-likeThe innate immune response responds in a general manner to factors present in invading pathogens. Bacterial factors such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS, endotoxin), bacterial lipoprot
Toll样受体(Toll-like receptors, TLR)是I型跨膜蛋白质，识别侵入体内的微生物进而激活免疫细胞的应答。被认为在先天性免疫系统中起关键作用。类Toll受体是模式识别受体（pattern recognition receptors，PRR）的一类，识别与宿主不同的病原体分子。这些分子被统称为病原相关分子模式（pathogen-associated molecular patterns...
模式识别受体Toll样受体(Toll like receptors,TLRs)是固有免疫中免疫受体的代表,进化上十分保守,对生物体的生存极为重要。TLRs通过内源或外源的配体启动信号转导,激活下游一系列重要的基因表达与活化。研究表明调节性T细胞(Regulatory T cell,Treg)在维持...
Toll-like receptors have a crucial role in the detection of microbial infection in mammals and insects. In mammals, these receptors have evolved to recognize conserved products unique to microbial metabolism. This specificity allows the Toll proteins to detect the presence of infection and to induce...
receptorsareinvolvedinbothinnateandadaptiveimmuneresponses.Themecha- nismsandcomponentsofthesevariedresponsesareonlypartlyunderstood.Given theimportanceofTLRsinhostdefense,dissectionofthepathwaystheyactivatehas becomeanimportantemergingresearchfocus.TLRsandtheirpathwaysarenumer- ...
[2] Fitzgerald KA, Kagan JC. Toll-like receptors and the control of immunity[J]. Cell, 2020,180(6):1044-1066. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.041. [3] Mara MA, Good M, Weitkamp JH. Innate and adaptive immunity i...
One such family is the Toll-like receptors (TLRs). On pathogen binding, TLRs initiate specialized cytokine signaling catered to the class of invading pathogen. This signaling is pivotal for activating adaptive immunity in vertebrates, suggesting a close evolutionary relationship between innate and ...