When the drug environment was changed, the animals recovered the full dose effect of nicotine on tail-flick latencies. These results show that tolerance develops to nicotine's antinociceptive effects, and that this tolerance also may be influenced by learning....
Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with nicotine dependence The following executive summary is not intended to stand by itself. The treatment of smoking cessation requires the consideration of many factors and cannot be adequately reviewed in a brief summary. The reader is encouraged to...
Chronic ethanol treatment failed to alter the binding of either ligand. Therefore, the cross-tolerance that develops between ethanol and nicotine is not totally dependent on alterations in the number of brain nicotinic receptors. 展开 关键词:
The clinical utility of many psychoactive drugs is limited by development of tolerance and dependence during chronic use. Tolerance and dependence contribute to the induction and maintenance of drug addiction. Drug tolerance is defined by a reduced responsiveness of the organism to the drug, usually m...
cannabinoid receptor agonist, WIN-55,212-2, was examined by comparing the ability of DAMGO, 2-chloroadenosine (CADO) and WIN-55,212-2 to inhibit neurogenic contractions of the longitudinal muscle/myenteric plexus preparation (LM/MP) and the ability of nicotine to elicit contractions in the LM...
Animals pretreated with morphine in vivo developed an increased responsiveness to nicotine and tolerance to all inhibitory agonists tested: the magnitude of rightward shift (i.e. ratio of mean IC50 values) or loss of sensitivity of the treated compared to the control group was 4.8-fold for ...
Changes in endocannabinoid contents in the brain of rats chronically exposed to nicotine, ethanol or cocaine. Brain Res. 2002, 954, 73–81. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] Zou, S.; Kumar, U. Cannabinoid receptors and the endocannabinoid system: Signaling and function in the central nervous system...
Animals pretreated with morphine in vivo developed an increased responsiveness to nicotine and tolerance to all inhibitory agonists tested: the magnitude of rightward shift (i.e. ratio of mean IC values) or loss of sensitivity of the treated compared to the control group was 4.8-fold for DAMGO...