Our results might also indicate that the room for current (ongoing) selection is limited even when human presence changes on relatively long temporal scale such as in the case of the COVID-19 shutdowns or, alternatively, that the shutdowns induced changes in human presence were too weak or...
Another commonly used parameter to evaluate ethanol tolerance is cell survival at prohibitive ethanol concentrations [7,11,12]. Ability to survive a few hours of exposure to very high ethanol levels (hereafter referred to as ethanol shocks) provides an easy method for screening tolerant yeasts [7,...
Data is presented as the mean ± SEM. Each data point represents and individual mouse, with the exception of e, f, where LP-APCs were pooled from three goblet cell deficient mice or three littermate controls. LP macrophages have been implicated in SI LP Treg maintenance through the ...
Understanding pathophysiological drivers leading to aggressive forms of RCC and metastatic dissemination is, for this reason, of critical importance5. NGS analysis of advanced RCC and phylogenetic reconstruction of tumor evolution through multiregional sequencing have identified genetic lesions and patterns ...
Output jitter is mainly provided when analyzing transmitting subsystems, as, for example, line drivers, limiting amplifiers, regenerator CDR circuits, serializers and laser drivers [8]. The jitter tolerance can quantify “the resilience of an equipment to input jitter” [13], defined as “how ...
Such changes would thereby decrease antibiotic sensitivity and could possibly function as precursors to the emergence of resistance. A possible example of this is tolerance and/or persistence, where a small proportion of cells in a population can be induced by external conditions including nutrient ...
The T-helper 17 (Th17) cell and regulatory T cell (Treg) axis plays a crucial role in the development of multiple sclerosis (MS), which is regarded as an immune imbalance between pro-inflammatory cytokines and the maintenance of immune tolerance. Mesench
The c-MAF negative population is defined by gating on FOXP3+RORγt− Treg cells from Maf∆Treg mice (solid grey). Bottom, frequency of c-MAF expression in TH17 cells in control (n = 6) and Maf∆Treg (n = 9) mice from 3 independent experiments....
Nitric oxide (NO) is another metabolite that promotes biofilm dispersion, partly via c-di-GMP signalling pathways [44,45]. As a host metabolite that derives from immune cells in the host response, the antimicrobial properties of NO and the roles of NO-c-di-GMP signalling during infection ...
a small subset of surviving cancer cells develop resistance which can be driven non-genetically3. Independence from bona fide genetic drivers of resistance is associated with the drug-tolerant persister state, a phenomenon whereby small subpopulations of cells survive strong drug challenges in short-ter...