Chinese oldest-olds, those aged 80 or older , needed assistance in bathing and 8.0% in toileting [9]. And older Chinese adults tend to lose ability to use the toilet independently earlier than their American counterparts [10]. The concerns surrounding difficulties in bathing and toileting am...
We also accounted for respondents’ living arrangements in that coresidence may confound one’s ability to perform bathing and toileting as those living together may provide assistance. Living arrangement has four categories: living alone, living with spouse only, living with children and/or spouse,...
Physical assistance did not precede verbal assistance. The verbal assistance included gestural prompting (e.g. point- ing gesture), which was distinguished from supervision. Since these criteria were clear and simple, it was easy for the therapists to conduct the evaluation. Limitations and future ...