Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a cyanotic congenital heart disorder that encompasses four anatomic abnormalities: overriding aorta, ventricular septal defect (VSD), right ventricular hypertrophy, and right ventricular (RV) outflow obstruction. The prevalence of TOF is approximately 4–5 per 10,000 ...
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) (pronounced te-tral-uh-jee of Fal-oh), one of the most common congenital heart disorders, comprises right ventricular (RV) outflow tract obstruction (infundibular stenosis), ventricular septal defect (VSD), aorta dextroposition (overriding aorta), and RV hypertrophy (...
This disorder accounts for approximately 7–10% of cases of congenital heart disease requiring surgical intervention in the first year of life. Echocardiography is used to make the diagnosis of TOF generally. Electrocardiogram, CT, and chest radiography are often performed during the evaluation of ...
•Initially,thepredominantshuntacrosstheVSDmayevenbelefttorightinpatientswithmildobstruction(pinkTOF),andtheclinicalpictureisoneofcongestiveheartfailure•Cyanosistendstobecomesignificantwithinthefirst6–12monthsoflifeinthesepatients•Insuchsituations,theobstructionisentirelyorpredominantlyattheinfundibularlevel•The...
congenital heart diseases ToF: Tetralogy of Fallot ASD: Atrial Septal Defect CPB: cardiopulmonary bypass CA: cardioplegic arrest AoXCL: aortic cross-clamping I/R: ischemia/reperfusion ROS: reactive oxygen species FDR: false discovery rate FC: fold change CV: coefficient of variation...