respective controls, but CS-exposed female mice showed a lesser effect. These observations show sex differences in inflammatory responses and cytokine production when exposed to tobacco, possibly attributed to estrogen's well-documented protective effects [13]. Projections indicate that CKD will be the ...
15]. CKD burden is particularly high in lower- and middle-income countries, with India ranking eighth globally in CKD-related deaths [16,17]. Given the potential for a sexually dimorphic response to tobacco in CKD, an improved understanding of these interactions can better help inform healthcare...
IntroductionThis study examined the association between the current co-use of cannabis and cigarettes in the past 30 days and subsequent cigarette discontinuation (past 30-day point-prevalence abstinence) among U.S. adults with established cigarette use in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Healt...
Step 1) Conducting systematic reviews to identify relevant peer-reviewed literature We conducted three systematic reviews of all relevant studies indexed in PubMed, Global Index Medicus, and Web of Science between January 1, 1970, and January 30, 2023, as of February 15, 2023. One review was ...
The significance level was set at 5%. Analyses were conducted using R software, version 4.2.3. Results The sample consisted of 222,495 adolescents, 53.6% of whom were female. Among the participants, 26.0% were inactive, 58.6% used passive transportation to or from school and 37.6% had ...
The Historical Significance of Cut Rag The history of cut rag tobacco is deeply intertwined with the evolution of smoking culture and the tobacco industry. From its early use in hand-rolled cigarettes to its modern-day industrial production, cut rag tobacco has played a pivotal role in shaping ...
Two-sided p values less than 0.05 indicate statistical significance. 3. Results 3.1. Characteristics of study participants A total of 1,598,111 women of reproductive age (15–49 years) (including 104,705 pregnant women) were included from the 57 LMICs that had completed at least one survey ...
An α <0.05 determined statistical significance. Local policy-tracking databases, maintained by the OSDH, were reviewed in 2013 to establish the number of policies implemented from October 2004 to June 2013 in CX counties. Tobacco Use Among Oklahoma Adults and Youth Estimating cigarette consumption ...
For data statistics, Excel 2011, GraphPad Prism 9.5, and SPSS 17.0, were used for plotting and significance tests with a significance threshold set at P < 0.05. Using R Studio VennDiagram package for Veen analysis based on classified OTUs [26](Chen et al.2011). The α-diversity indice...
We defined statistical significance as 2-sided P < .05. Sampling weights were used in the statistical analysis to reduce potential selection bias due to nonrandom sampling, noncoverage, and nonresponse.23 Results Sample Characteristics In the original PRAMS sample of 242 573 births, 229 ...