Through fitting and derivation, the amplitude of line galloping can be expressed as Equation (2): z= 4am 3bk u (2) where: a, b m k L m1 m2 r δρ A1 F m = ( 2 2 ) × L × (m1 + m2) π m2 = π 2 rδρ k = 4 A1 F L constant coefficients; equivalent weight (kg...
The change in the reliability index over a service period of 0 to 40 years is calculated on a half-yearly basis. The results in Figure 14 only depict the interval of significant changes in reliability occurring between the 32nd and 34th years of service. Based on the current monitoring ...
The process of the P1 approximation described above can be applied to Equation (9), then the diffusion coefficient is clearly given as D = 1/(3µs ) independent of µa. For inhomogeneous media, the derivation of D(r) = 1/[3µs (r)] is not straightforward like for homogenous ...