The time point of last drinking was estimated through the relationship between the concentration ratio of ethyl glucuronide to ethyl sulphate and the length of time after drinking. Pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed by a pharmacokinetic software DAS according to the non-compartment model. A good ...
Time of concentration (TC) is a parameter in runoff estimation, used to study and design different types of projects in watersheds. Any error in TC calculation leads to an inaccurate estimation of the design flow, which can lead to over-sizing or under-s
‘ratiogram” in which each lifetime was identified by a unique, concentration-independent ratio, whereby a changing ratio across a peak was indicative of coelution. Results of experiments with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) standards of known identity were used to illustrate the meth...
An electrochemically homogeneous electrode-solution interface should be understood as spatially invariant in both terms of intrinsic reactivity for the electrode side and electrical resistance mainly for the solution side. The latter remains presumably assumed in almost all cases. However, by using optical...
4.1 Lifetime spectroscopy and imaging of VFPs As previously discussed, fluorescence lifetime is an intrinsic property of the fluorophore and is, in general, not modulated by fluorescence intensity, fluorophore concentration, light path length, scattering, and photobleaching, which renders it an extremel...
Currently real time PCR is the most precise method by which to measure gene expression. The method generates a large amount of raw numerical data and processing may notably influence final results. The data processing is based either on standard curves o
High-methoxyl pectin requires a high concentration of sugar in order to gel; low-methoxyl pectin will gel in the presence of calcium. (The difference between the two types has to do with the number of linkages in the molecular structure.) If you’re making jams or jellies, using a low-...
This analysis uses a variable normalization of the time scale to enable the visual comparison of entire concentration reaction profiles. As a result, the order in each component of the reaction, as well as k, is determined with just a few experiments using a simple and quick mathematical data...
ΔRn (delta Rn): The magnitude of the signal generated by the given set of PCR conditions. The ΔRn value is determined by the following formula: (Rn+) – (Rn-) Standard A sample of known concentration used to construct a standard curve. By running...
In the following, we discuss how to realize such an inherent time crystal in experiments. We used erbium-doped yttrium orthosilicate (Er:Y2SiO5) with a concentration of 1000 ppm, corresponding to an average distance between erbium ions of approximately 4 nm, such that the average magnetic...